Table 2.
Univariable analysis of the seroprevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants sampled from nine institutional livestock farms of Punjab, Pakistan.
| Variable | Category | Pos. /tested | Prev. % (95% CI) | Odds ratio | 95% CI | p-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Farm | Farm 2 | 18/37 | 48.7 (31.9–65.6) | 25.7 | 12.84–55.52 | <0.001 |
| Others | 33/963 | 3.4 (2.4–4.8) | Ref | - | ||
| Species | Sheep | 26/500 | 5.2 (3.4–7.5) | 1.042 | 0.593–1.831 | 0.886 |
| Goats | 25/500 | 5 (3.3–7.3) | Ref | - | ||
| Sex | Females | 47/893 | 5.3 (3.9–6.9) | 1.43 | 0.51–4.05 | 0.5 |
| Males | 4/107 | 3.7 (1–9.3) | Ref | - | ||
| Age | Above 4Y | 35/440 | 7.9 (5.6–10.9) | 2.94 | 1.60–5.38 | <0.001 |
| Below 4Y | 16/560 | 2.9 (1.6–4.6) | Ref | - | ||
| Parity Status | Multiparous | 40/594 | 6.7 (4.9–9.1) | 2.59 | 1.31–5.12 | 0.006 |
| Nulli/Primi | 11/406 | 2.7 (1.4–4.8) | Ref | - | ||
| Breeds | Buchi | 18/37 | 48.7 (31.9–65.6) | 26.7 | 12.84–55.52 | <0.001 |
| Others | 33/963 | 3.4 (2.4–4.8) | Ref | - | ||
| Reproductive disorders | Yes | 25/178 | 14.0 (9.3–20.0) | 5.00 | 2.81–8.89 | <0.001 |
| No | 26/822 | 3.2 (2.1–4.6) | Ref | - | ||
| BCS | < underline < >3 | 34/172 | 19.8 (14.1–26.5) | 11.74 | 6.39–21.62 | <0.001 |
| >3 | 17/828 | 2.1 (1.2–3.3) | Ref | - |
*
Statistical value of significance: p ≤ 0.05.