Table 1.
Associations (P≤0.05) Between Cancer Risk, and DNA Adduct Value in (the 25% of) Individuals with the Highest Adduct Levels Compared with Those Having the Lowest Adduct Levels.
| Carcinogen: DNA Adduct Source |
Organ: DNA Adduct Measurement |
Organ: Cancer Site |
Method of DNA Adduct Measurement | RRa or OR for Cancer Risk | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4-ABP | liver | liver | IHCb | 6.5 | Wang et al., 1998 |
| PAHs | liver | liver | IHC | 3.9 | Chen, 2002 |
| PHIP | breast | breast | IHC | 4.0 | Zhu et al., 2003 |
| PAHs | blood | colon | ELISAc | 2.8 | Gunter et al. 2007 |
| PAHs | blood | lung | ELISA | 7.7 | Tang et al., 1995 |
| AFB1 | urine | liver | HPLCd | 9.1 | Qian et al., 1994 |
| “Bulky”e | blood | stomach | 32-P-postlabelling | 2.2 | Agudo et al., 2012 |
| “Bulky” | blood | colon | 32P-postlabelling | 2.3 | Agudo et al.. 2012 |
| “Bulky” | blood | bladder | 32P-postlabelling | 4.1 | Peluso et al., 1998 |
| “Bulky” | blood (current smokers) |
lung | 32P-postlabclling | 3.0 | Tang et al., 2001 |
| “Bulky” | blood (current smokers) |
lung | 32P-postlabclling | 2.0 | Peluso et al., 2005 |
| “Bulky” | blood (current smokers) |
lung | 32P-postlabelling | 1.6 | Veglia et al., 2008 |
RR = Relative Risk or OR = Odds Ratio in the 25% of individuals having the highest DNA adduct levels compared with those having the lowest DNA adduct levels. All values shown arc statistically significant to p≤0.05.
IHC = Immunohistochemistry.
ELISA = Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
HPLC = High performance liquid chromatography.
“Bulky” DNA adducts isolated by 32P-postlabeling arc typically stable, high-molecular weight DNA adducts that are formed from PAHs, aromatic amines, nitroaromatics, hormones, aflatoxins, and/or other hydrophobic DNA-binding agents (see examples in Figure 1).