Fig. 2.

Influence of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway on expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines determined by adding LY294002 to DC and CD4⁺ T cells. a Flow cytometric analysis of cell surface CD11b, CD80, CD86 and MHC-II expression by DC after addition of LY294002 ± CEPO. b The influence of LY294002 ± CEPO on the Th1, Th2, and Th1/Th2 ratio was determined by flow cytometry. c qPCR analysis of mRNA expression levels of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 in CD4⁺T cells treated with LY294002, CEPO, or LY294002+CEPO, as indicated. d Protein expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, and IL-13 in CD4⁺T cells treated with LY294002, CEPO, or c LY294002+CEPO was examined by western blot assay. GAPDH was used to normalize each protein expression. Images shown are representative of at least three independent experiments, data are expressed as mean ± SEM (*p < 0.05, p values were calculated by Student’s t-test)