Table 1.
Sample Characteristics By Age Strata: The Long Life Family Study
| Overall [N = 2355] | 60–69 years [n = 1000] | 70–79 years [n = 837] | 80–89 years [n = 252] | 90–108 years [n = 266] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | |||||
| Age, years | 73.7 ± 10.5a | 65.0 ± 2.8 | 73.7 ± 2.8 | 84.2 ± .2.9 | 96.2 ± 4.0 |
| Sex, women | 54.7 [1289] | 56.9 [569] | 50.5 [423] | 55.2 [139] | 59.4 [158] |
| Currently married | 69.0 [1624] | 79.3 [793] | 77.3 [647] | 56.8 [143] | 15.4 [41] |
| Education level | |||||
| Less than high school | 7.3 [172] | 4.1 [41] | 7.5 [63] | 7.9 [20] | 18.1 [48] |
| High school or equivalent | 8.4 [197] | 3.5 [35] | 6.1 [51] | 22.2 [56] | 20.8 [55] |
| More than high school | 84.3 [1983] | 92.4 [923] | 86.4 [722] | 69.8 [176] | 61.1 [162] |
| Lifestyle and anthropometric | |||||
| Smoking status | |||||
| Current | 4.0 [93] | 5.0 [50] | 4.1 [34] | 2.4 [6] | 1.1 [3] |
| Former | 39.0 [913] | 36.2 [360] | 44.0 [367] | 36.6 [91] | 35.9 [95] |
| Never | 57.1 [1337] | 58.8 [584] | 52.0 [434] | 61.0 [152] | 63.0 [167] |
| Total MET-hours per day | 36.3 ± 7.2 [2306] | 37.7 ± 6.9 [985] | 37.5 ± 6.8 [818] | 34.6 ± 7.0 [246] | 29.1 ± 4.8 [257] |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 27.4 ± 5.0 [2229] | 27.8 ± 5.3 [960] | 27.6 ± 4.9 [808] | 27.0 ± 4.8 [233] | 25.9 ± 4.2 [228] |
| Waist circumference, cm | 96.7 ± 13.3 [2225] | 96.5 ± 13.7 [959] | 97.7 ± 13.3 [809] | 96.8 ± 12.2 [234] | 93.8 ± 11.6 [223] |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.58 ± 0.08 [2211] | 0.57 ± 0.08 [958] | 0.58 ± 0.08 [807] | 0.60 ± 0.08 [229] | 0.60 ± 0.07 [217] |
| Physical function | |||||
| ADL difficulty | 28.0 [660] | 3.3 [33] | 6.5 [54] | 19.1 [48] | 62.6 [166] |
| IADL dependence | 20.1 [474] | 4.6 [46] | 7.1 [59] | 18.9 [47] | 60.6 [154] |
| Grip strength, kg | 29.2 ± 11.3 [2239] | 32.6 ± 10.8 [959] | 30.5 ± 10.2 [807] | 23.0 ± 8.8 [236] | 16.6 ± 7.0 [237] |
| SPPB score, 0–12 | 10.2 ± 2.7 [2248] | 11.2 ± 1.4 [966] | 10.8 ± 1.7 [811] | 8.7 ± 2.6 [234] | 5.1 ± 3.1 237] |
| Usual gait speed, m/s | 1.0 ± 0.3 [2193] | 1.1 ± 0.2 [944] | 1.1 ± 0.2 [787] | 0.89 ± 0.55 [226] | 0.58 ± 0.22 [236] |
| Cognitive function | |||||
| MMSE score, 0–30 | 28.4 ± 2.9 [2265] | 29.2 ± 1.7 [964] | 28.9 ± 1.8 [813] | 27.6 ± 3.1 [240] | 24.7 ± 5.0 [248] |
| Digit symbol substitution score, 0–100 | 44.5 ± 13.6 [2168] | 51.3 ± 11.2 [952] | 43.6 ± 10.3 [792] | 36.5 ± 12.2 [222] | 25.0 ± 12.1 [202] |
| Health conditions | |||||
| Fair or poor self-rated health | 4.1 [97] | 2.1 [21] | 3.0 [25] | 1.6 [4] | 5.4 [14] |
| Diabetesb | 9.9 [232] | 8.3 [83] | 12.4 [104] | 13.9 [35] | 15.8 [42] |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 100.2 ± 22.3 [2167] | 99.4 ± 23.4 [935] | 101.0 ± 21.4 [784] | 101.3 ± 21.3 [230] | 99.3 ± 21.1 [218] |
| Hypertensionc | 60.3 [1566] | 54.1 [567] | 64.8 [588] | 65.6 [187] | 62.8[224] |
| Cancer history, excluding skin | 18.3 [43] | 12.3 [123] | 22.1 [185] | 26.2 [66] | 21.1 [56] |
| Depressive symptoms (CES-D) score, 0–30 | 3.3 ± 3.5 [2271] | 2.9 ± 3.3 [979] | 3.0 ± 3.3 [824] | 4.2 ± 4.1 [230] | 4.7 ± 3.9 [227] |
Note: MET = Metabolic Equivalent of Task from the Framingham Physical Activity Index; ADL = activities of daily living; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; SPPB = Short Physical Performance Battery score; MMSE = Mini-Mental State Examination; CES-D = Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale score.
aMean ± SD [n] or % [n].
b
Diabetes defined according to American Diabetes Association 2018 classification (hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5).
cHypertension defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥80 mmHg.