Table 3.
Percentage of students’ attitude on patient safety
| Items | Students (n)* | Strongly Agree | Agree | Neutral | Disagree | Strongly Disagree |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Causes of errors | ||||||
| Making errors in medicine is inevitable. | Medical inters | 42.30 | 55.40 | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| Midwives | 16.50 | 60.00 | 11.80 | 7.10 | 4.70 | |
| Health officers | 20.50 | 44.90 | 12.80 | 17.90 | 3.80 | |
| Nurses | 31.10 | 48.90 | 8.90 | 8.90 | 2.20 | |
| There is a gap between what physicians knew as “best care” and what is being provided on a day-to-day basis. | Medical interns | 14.60 | 66.90 | 10.00 | 7.70 | 0.80 |
| Midwives | 23.50 | 61.20 | 8.20 | 5.90 | 1.20 | |
| Health officers | 38.50 | 50.00 | 3.80 | 5.10 | 2.60 | |
| Nurses | 22.20 | 62.20 | 8.90 | 6.70 | 0.00 | |
| Competent physicians do not make medical errors that lead to patient harm. | Medical interns | 3.10 | 32.30 | 24.60 | 38.50 | 1.50 |
| Midwives | 5.90 | 21.20 | 11.80 | 48.20 | 12.90 | |
| Health officers | 11.50 | 29.50 | 15.40 | 30.80 | 12.80 | |
| Nurses | 22.20 | 22.20 | 8.90 | 33.30 | 13.30 | |
| Most errors are due to things that physicians cannot do anything about. | Medical interns | 0.80 | 19.20 | 44.60 | 33.80 | 1.50 |
| Midwives | 3.50 | 22.40 | 11.80 | 51.80 | 10.60 | |
| Health officers | 3.80 | 30.80 | 19.20 | 42.30 | 3.80 | |
| Nurses | 6.70 | 40.00 | 26.70 | 22.20 | 4.40 | |
| Error management | ||||||
| If I saw a medical error, I would keep it to myself. | Medical interns | 0.00 | 3.80 | 24.60 | 42.30 | 29.20 |
| Midwives | 2.40 | 22.40 | 11.80 | 37.60 | 25.90 | |
| Health officers | 6.40 | 17.90 | 19.20 | 44.90 | 11.50 | |
| Nurses | 8.90 | 24.40 | 8.90 | 31.10 | 26.70 | |
| If there is no harm to a patient, there is no need to address an error. | Medical interns | 0.00 | 9.20 | 26.90 | 60.00 | 3.80 |
| Midwives | 2.40 | 11.80 | 8.20 | 56.50 | 21.20 | |
| Health officers | 7.70 | 14.10 | 9.00 | 42.30 | 26.90 | |
| Nurses | 6.70 | 15.60 | 15.60 | 35.60 | 26.60 | |
| Only physicians can determine the causes of a medical error. | Medical interns | 1.50 | 13.80 | 20.80 | 54.60 | 9.20 |
| Midwives | 0.00 | 11.80 | 2.40 | 50.60 | 35.30 | |
| Health officers | 5.10 | 9.00 | 6.40 | 53.80 | 25.60 | |
| Nurses | 4.40 | 13.30 | 15.60 | 40.00 | 26.70 | |
| Reporting systems do little to reduce future errors. | Medical interns | 7.70 | 33.10 | 13.80 | 37.70 | 7.70 |
| Midwives | 10.60 | 31.80 | 9.40 | 34.10 | 14.10 | |
| Health officers | 7.70 | 30.80 | 12.80 | 29.50 | 19.20 | |
| Nurses | 13.30 | 31.10 | 13.30 | 26.70 | 15.60 | |
| After an error occurs, an effective strategy is to work harder and to be more careful. | Medical interns | 23.30 | 53.10 | 23.10 | 0.80 | 0.80 |
| Midwives | 37.60 | 52.90 | 3.50 | 3.50 | 2.40 | |
| Health officers | 32.10 | 43.60 | 11.50 | 10.30 | 2.60 | |
| Nurses | 22.20 | 55.60 | 6.70 | 13.30 | 2.20 | |
| Physicians should not tolerate uncertainty in patient care. | Medical interns | 6.20 | 51.50 | 37.70 | 3.80 | 0.80 |
| Midwives | 8.20 | 32.90 | 27.10 | 23.50 | 8.20 | |
| Health officers | 9.00 | 33.30 | 19.20 | 33.30 | 5.10 | |
| Nurses | 6.70 | 46.70 | 24.40 | 15.60 | 6.70 | |
| The culture of medicine makes it easy for providers to deal constructively with errors. | Medical interns | 7.70 | 32.30 | 38.50 | 21.50 | 0.00 |
| Midwives | 11.80 | 44.70 | 25.90 | 17.60 | 0.00 | |
| Health officers | 6.40 | 43.60 | 28.20 | 17.90 | 3.80 | |
| Nurses | 15.60 | 28.90 | 20.00 | 28.90 | 6.70 | |
| Physicians routinely report medical errors. | Medical interns | 4.60 | 24.60 | 51.50 | 19.20 | 0.00 |
| Midwives | 8.20 | 25.90 | 20.00 | 32.90 | 12.90 | |
| Health officers | 6.40 | 16.70 | 29.50 | 34.60 | 12.80 | |
| Nurses | 20.00 | 31.10 | 11.10 | 22.20 | 15.60 |
*Medical interns=130, Midwives=85, Health officers=78, and Nurses=45