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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Mar 17.
Published in final edited form as: Adv Funct Mater. 2020 Feb 5;30(12):1909218. doi: 10.1002/adfm.201909218

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Osteoinductive capacity of MNAs towards BMSCs in 2D cell culture. (A) Expression and (B) ALP activity of ALP in BMSCs incubated with GSTs and MNAs (15 μg/mL) in culture medium for 2 days and treated with osteogenic medium for another 3 or 7 days. pDNA/PEI complex in culture medium with or without FBS was used as control groups. (C) Mineralization in BMSCs after incubation of 15 μg/mL GSTs and MNAs in culture medium for 2 days and treatment with osteogenic medium for another 14 days. qPCR analysis for mRNA levels of osteogenic markers including ALP (D), Runx2 (E) and OCN (F) and hedgehog signaling markers including Shh (G), Smo (H), Ptch (I) and Gli1 (J) in BMSCs (means ± SD, n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001 by one-way analysis of variance, ANOVA).