Table 1.

Illustrating the noteworthy accomplishments in the three large animals for immune tolerance to SOT

Animal model	MHC	Conditioning pre-transplant	Stem cells	Organ transplant	Conditioning post-transplant	Chimerism	Tolerance	Reference
Canine
Kidney	Identical	1–2 Gy TBI	Marrow/G-PBMC day0	Kidney day = 0	CSP/MMF	Stable	Yes	Kuhr [33]
VCA	Haplo	4.5 Gy TBI	Marrow/G-PBMC day0	VCA, day = 0	CSP/MMF	Stable	marrow ± G-PBMC +	Chang [97]
Swine
Kidney	Mismatch	Myeloablative	Marrow Day 0	Kidney, 5–12 months after HCT	None	Stable	yes	Guzzetta [65]
Kidney	Mismatch, Class II	4.5 Gy + CY		Kidney, 4–5 months after HCT	None	Stable	yes	Smith [64]
VCA	Mismatch		T-cell depl. Marrow day 0	VCA, 24 h after HCT	None	Stable G-mobilized Transient marrow	split	Hittiaratchy [67]
VCA	Mismatch	"Nonmyeloablative"	Marrow, Day 0	VCA, day 3 after HCT	None	Stable	Class II yes Class I no	Shanmugarajah [69]
NHP
Kidney	Mismatch	ATG, TBI (300 Rads) TI (700 Rads) splenectomy	Marrow, day=0	Kidney, Day=0	CSP	Transient	yes	Kawai [115]
Kidney	Mismatch	3 Gy TBI + 7 Gy TI	Marrow	Kidney day 21–120	CSP	Stable mixed to Day 30–60	Yes	Kawai [104]

CSP = cyclosporine; CY = cyclophosphamide; Haplo = haploidentical; G-PBMC = granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells; MHC = major histocompatibility complex; MMF = mycophenolate mofetil; T-cell depl = T-cell depleted; TBI = total body irradiation; TI = thymic irradiation; VCA = vascularized composite tissue allografts.