Figure 5.

Associations of Adaptive Immune Response Features with COVID-19 Severity

(A) Correlogram of acute COVID-19 donors. Spearman rank order correlation values (r) are shown from red (−1.0) to blue (1.0); r values are indicated by color and square size. Blank fields with black dots indicate lack of signal. p values are indicated by white asterisks. The teal triangle denotes SARS-CoV-2 antibody features, magenta triangle denotes SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4⁺ T cells features, and orange triangle denotes SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8⁺ T cell features. Purple rectangles denote coordinated adaptive immune response features. The dark green line denotes select inflammatory cytokines. Peak COVID-19 disease severity (“Peak disease”) is the bottom row. Additional information on feature names are described in the STAR Methods.

(B) Correlation of Ki67⁺CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺ CD4⁺ T cells (as percentage of total CD4⁺ T cells) with SARS-CoV-2-specific (combined AIM⁺) CD4⁺ T cells.

(C) Correlation of Ki67⁺CD38⁺HLA-DR⁺ CD8⁺ T cells (as percentage of total CD8⁺ T cells) with SARS-CoV-2-specific (combined AIM⁺) CD8⁺ T cells.

(D) Correlation of activated (ICOS⁺PD-1^hi) T_FH cells (as percentage of total CD4⁺ T cells) with SARS-CoV-2-specific (combined AIM⁺) T_FH (CXCR5⁺CD4⁺) cells.

(E) Correlation of SARS-CoV-2 PSV-neutralizing antibody titer and percentage plasmablasts (CD38^hiCD20^- of CD19⁺ B cells). Unexposed controls (n = 15), acute COVID-19 (n = 26) displayed. Statistics reported for (B–E) are reported for unexposed and acute donors. The black dotted line indicates LOD; the green dotted line demarcates marginal responses as determined by unexposed donor responses.

^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗p < 0.01, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001. See also Figure S5, Table S3, and Data S1.