REAGENT or RESOURCE	SOURCE	IDENTIFIER
Antibodies
S304	(Pinto et al., 2020)	N/A
S309	(Pinto et al., 2020)	N/A
S304 Fab	ATUM	N/A
S309 Fab	ATUM	N/A
S2H14 Fab	ATUM	N/A
Goat F(ab’)2 Anti-Mouse IgG(H+L), Human ads-AP	Southern Biotech	Cat. No. 1030-04
Goat Anti-Human IgG-AP	Southern Biotech	Cat. No. 2040-04
Goat Anti-Human IgA-AP	Southern Biotech	Cat. No. 2050-04
Goat Anti-Human IgM-AP	Southern Biotech	Cat. No. 2020-04
Alexa Fluor® 647-AffiniPure F(ab’)2 Fragment Goat Anti-Human IgG, Fcγ Fragment Specific	Jackson ImmunoResearch	Cat. No. 109-606-098
Avi-tag Antibody, pAb, Rabbit	Genscript	Cat. No. A00674
Bacterial Strains and Pseudotype Viruses
NEB® 10-beta Competent E. coli	New England Biolabs	Cat. No. C3019
VSV-SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein-pseudotyped virus	(Ou et al., 2020)	N/A
MLV-based SARS-CoV-2 S-glycoprotein-pseudotyped virus	(Walls et al., 2020)	N/A
Biological Samples
Serum and plasma of SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals	This paper	N/A
Serum and plasma of pre-pandemic healthy donors	This paper	N/A
PBMCs of donors S2A, S2H, S2X	This paper	N/A
Chemicals and Recombinant Proteins
10% Igepal CA-630	Sigma-Aldrich	Cat. No. I8896
25 mM dNTPs	Cytiva	Cat. No. 28406560
RNase OUT	Life Technologies	Cat. No. 10777-019
Superscript III RT	Life Technologies	Cat. No. 18080-044
DNase/RNase free water	Life Technologies	Cat. No. 10977-035
10 mM dNTPs mix	Cytiva	Cat. No. 28406564
Q5 high fidelity DNA polymerase	Bioconcept	Cat. No. M0493S
AgeI-HF	New England Biolabs	Cat. No. R3552
SalI-HF	New England Biolabs	Cat. No. R3138
XhoI	New England Biolabs	Cat. No. R0146
BsiWI	New England Biolabs	Cat. No. R3553
NotI	New England Biolabs	Cat. No. R0189
KpnI	New England Biolabs	Cat. No. R0142
Cutsmart	New England Biolabs	Cat. No. B7204S
T4 DNA ligase	New England Biolabs	Cat. No. M0202
T4 ligase buffer	New England Biolabs	Cat. No. B0202S
293fectin	ThermoFisher Scientific	Cat. No. 12347019
PEI MAX	Polysciences	Cat. No. POL24765-1
4-Nitrophenyl phosphate disodium salt hexahydrate (pNPP)	Sigma-Aldrich	Cat. No. N2765-100TAB
RBD mouse Fc-tagged	Sino Biological	Cat. No. 40592-V05H
Streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase conjugated	Jackson ImmunoResearch	Cat. No. 016-050-084
ACE2 Protein, Human	Sino Biological	Cat. No. 10108-H08H
Blocker Casein (1%) in PBS	ThermoFisher Scientific	Cat. No. 37528
Tween 20	Sigma Aldrich	Cat. No. 93773
SARS-CoV-2 S2 sheep Fc-tagged	The Native Antigen Company	Cat. No. REC31807
Bovine Serum Albumine	Sigma	Cat. No. 3059
Trypsin, TPCK-Treated	Bioconcept	Cat. No. LS003741
Strep-Tactin XT	IBA GmbH	https://www.iba-lifesciences.com
SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein, His-tagged (E. coli)	The Native Antigen Company	Cat. No. REC31812-500
Human SARS-CoV RBD His- tagged	Sino Biological	Cat. No. 40150-V08B2
Sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN)	Sigma-Aldrich	Cat. No. 251410
BioLock Biotin blocking solution	IBA GmbH	Cat. No. 2-0205-050
Cell Lines
ExpiCHO-S (female ovarian epithelial cell line)	ThermoFisher Scientific	Cat. No. A29127
HEK293T (female embryonic kidney epithelial cell line)	ATCC	Cat. No. CRL-11268
Expi293F and FreeStyle 293-F (female embryonic kidney epithelial cell line)	ThermoFisher Scientific	Cat. No. A14527; R79007
CHO stably expressing WT SARS-CoV-2 S (female ovarian epithelial cell line)	This study	N/A
Commercial Assays, Kits and Products
EZ-Link™ NHS-PEG Solid-Phase Biotinylation Kit - Mini-Spin Columns	ThermoFisher	Cat. No. 21450
Pierce™ NHS-Activated Magnetic Beads	ThermoFisher	Cat. No. 88826
Streptavidin, Alexa Fluor™ 647 conjugate	Life Technologies	Cat. No. S21374
HiTrap Protein A columns (HiTrap Mab select Xtra)	Cytiva	Cat. No. 28-4082-61
HiTrap Fast desalting columns	Cytiva	Cat. No. 17-5087-01
XT Superflow® high capacity cartridge	IBA GmbH	Cat. No. 2-4026-001
HisTALON Superflow Cartridge, 5 ml	Takara Bio	Cat. No. 635683
HisTALON Superflow Cartridge, 1 ml	Takara Bio	Cat. No. 635650
Superdex 200 Increase 10/300 GL	Cytiva	Cat. No. 28-9909-44
Superose 6 Increase 10/300 GL	Cytiva	Cat. No. 29091596
StrepTrap HP column, 1 ml	Cytiva	Cat. No. 28-9075-46
Kifunensine	Cayman Chemical	10009437
EndoH	New England BioLabs	Cat. No. P0702L
Polyvalan Crystallophore No°1	Molecular Dimensions	Cat. No. MD2-82
Spectraplate-384 with high protein binding	Perkin Elmer	Cat. No. CUSG83093
Bio-Glo™ Luciferase Assay System	Promega AG	Cat. No. G7940
ExpiFectamine™ CHO Transfection Kit	Life Technologies	Cat. No. A29130
ExpiFectamine™ 293 Transfection Kit	Thermo Fisher Scientific	Cat. No. A14524
CaptureSelect CH1-XL MiniChrom column	ThermoFisher Scientific	Cat. No. 5943462005
HiPrep™ 26/10 desalting columns	Cytiva	Cat. No. 17-5087-02
Zeba ™ Spin Desalting Columns	Thermo Scientific	Cat. No. 89892
Deposited Data
SARS-CoV-2 S/S2H13 (closed)	This paper	PDB-7JV6, EMD-22494
SARS-CoV-2 S/S2H13 (local refinement)	This paper	PDB-7JV2, EMD-22491
SARS-CoV-2 S/S2H13 (one RBD open)	This paper	PDB-7JV4, EMD-22492
SARS-CoV-2 S/S2H14 (two RBDs open)	This paper	EMD-22507
SARS-CoV-2 S/S2H14 (three RBDs open)	This paper	EMD-22508
SARS-CoV-2 S/S2A4	This paper	PDB-7JVC, EMD-22506
SARS-CoV-2 S/S2A4 (local refinement)	This paper	PDB-7JVA, EMD-22497
SARS-CoV-2 S/S304	This paper	PDB- 7JW0, EMD-22512
SARS-CoV-2 S/S2X35	This paper	EMD-22516
SARS-CoV-2 S/ S2X35 (local refinement)	This paper	EMD-22517
S2H14 Fab	This paper	PDB-7JXC
S2A4 Fab	This paper	PDB-7JXD
S2X35 Fab	This paper	PDB-7JXE
RBD/S304/S309/S2H14	This paper	PDB-7JX3
Recombinant DNA
Human antibody expression vectors (IgG1, Igl, Igk)	Tiller et al., 2008	N/A
Plasmid encoding SARS-CoV-2 2P S ectodomain (amino acids 14-1211) with C-terminal 8xHis-Tag	(Walls et al., 2020)	GenBank: NC_045512.2
Plasmid encoding SARS-CoV-2 RBD (amino acids 328-531) with C-terminal 8xHis-Tag	(Walls et al., 2020)	GenBank: NC_045512.2
Plasmid encoding SARS-CoV-2 RBD (amino acids 328-531) with C-terminal Thrombin-linker-Twin-Strep-8xHis-tag or linker-Strep-8xHis-tag	This study	GenBank: NC_045512.2
Plasmid encoding SARS-CoV-2 2P S ectodomain (residues 14-1211) with C-terminal Avi and 8xHis-Tag	This study	GenBank: NC_045512.2
Plasmid encoding SARS-CoV-2 domain A (amino acids 14-302) with C-terminal 8xHis-Tag	This study	GenBank: NC_045512.2
Plasmid encoding SARS-CoV 2P S ectodomain (residues 14-1193) with C-terminal 8xHis-Tag	(Walls et al., 2020)	GenBank: YP_009724390.1
Plasmid encoding human ACE2 receptor (amino acids 19-615) plus C-terminal thrombin cleavage site, Twin-Strep-10xHis-Tag	This study	UniProt: Q9BYF1
phCMV1 expression vector	Genlantis	Cat. No. P003100
NFAT-driven luciferase gene	Promega AG	Cat. No. G9798, G7018 and G9995
Software and Algorithms
Prism 8	GraphPad	https://www.graphpad.com/
UNICORN (v7.3)	Cytiva	https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/
OpenLAB CDS (v2.5)	Agilent Technologies	https://www.agilent.com/
Biacore T200 Evaluation Software (v3.1)	Cytiva	https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/
Coot (v0.9)	(Emsley et al., 2010)	https://www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/personal/pemsley/coot/
MOE (v2019.0102)	Chemical Computing Group	https://www.chemcomp.com
Refmac5 (v5.8.0258)	(Murshudov et al., 2011)	www2.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/groups/murshudov/content/refmac/refmac.html
Phaser (v2.8.3)	(McCoy et al., 2007)	https://www.phaser.cimr.cam.ac.ukindex.php
XDS	(Kabsch, 2010)	http://xds.mpimf-heidelberg.mpg.de/
Relion	(Scheres, 2012a)	N/A
Warp	(Tegunov and Cramer, 2019)	N/A
Cryosparc	(Punjani et al., 2017)	N/A
Leginon	(Suloway et al., 2005)	N/A
NONMEM (v7.4)	Icon Development Solutions, Hanover MD, USA	https://www.iconplc.com/innovation/nonmem/
R 4.0.2	R Studio for Statistical Computing	https://rstudio.com/products/rstudio/
Igor Pro 8 (v8.00)	WaveMetrics, Inc.	https://www.wavemetrics.com/software/igor-pro-8
MAFFT (v7.471)	(Katoh et al., 2019)	https://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/
EMBOSS Needle	(Needleman and Wunsch, 1970)	https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/psa/emboss_needle/
Instruments
BD FACSAria III	BD Biosciences	https://www.bdbiosciences.com/
ÄKTA Xpress FPLC	Cytiva	https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/
ÄKTA Pure 25	Cytiva	https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/
Synergy H1 Hybrid Multi-Mode plate reader	Biotek	https://www.biotek.com/
EL406 washer/dispenser BSL2 M	Biotek	https://www.biotek.com/
Powerwave 340/96 spectrophotometer	Biotek	https://www.biotek.com/
Biacore T200	Cytiva	https://www.cytivalifesciences.com/
Octet Red96	Pall ForteBio	https://www.fortebio.com/
ZE5 Cell Analyzer (FACS) BSL2 M	Bio-rad	https://www.bio-rad.com/