Table 1. Baseline characteristics of ACS hospitalizations with and without RA.
MI: myocardial infarction; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass graft; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; CHF: chronic congestive heart failure; CKD: chronic kidney disease; O2: oxygen; A. Fib/flutter: Atrial fibrillation/flutter; median household income: median household income for patient’s ZIP code
| ACS (n=1,319,464) | |||
| Without RA (n=1,296,849) | With RA (n=22,615) | P-value | |
| Mean Age (years) | 66.8 | 70.4 | <0.0001 |
| Female | 37.7% | 63.7% | <0.0001 |
| Race | <0.0001 | ||
| White | 73.7% | 76.8% | Reference |
| Black | 11.4% | 10.8% | 0.054 |
| Hispanic | 8.6% | 7.5% | 0.005 |
| Asians | 2.8% | 1.9% | <0.0001 |
| Native Americans | 0.55% | 0.60% | 0.847 |
| Others | 3.0% | 2.4% | 0.017 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | <0.0001 | ||
| 0 | 0.55% | 0 | |
| 1 | 24.4% | 0.55% | |
| 2 | 24.7% | 19.5% | |
| ≥3 | 50.3% | 80.0% | |
| Hospital bed size | 0.6092 | ||
| Small | 16.6% | 16.7% | |
| Medium | 30.5% | 29.8% | |
| Large | 52.9% | 53.6% | |
| Hospital teaching status | 0.1962 | ||
| Nonteaching | 33.6% | 34.5% | |
| Teaching | 66.5% | 65.5% | |
| Hospital location | <0.0001 | ||
| Rural | 7.8% | 9.6% | |
| Urban | 92.2% | 90.4% | |
| Expected primary payer | <0.0001 | ||
| Medicare | 58.9% | 74.3% | |
| Medicaid | 9.8% | 6.2% | |
| Private | 26.6% | 17.8% | |
| Self-pay | 4.7% | 1.7% | |
| Median household income (quartile) | 0.7483 | ||
| 1st (0-25th) | 30.9% | 30.5% | |
| 2nd (26th-50th) | 27.5% | 27.9% | |
| 3rd (51st-75th) | 23.4% | 22.9% | |
| 4th (76th-100th) | 18.3% | 18.7% | |
| Hospital region | 0.0001 | ||
| Northeast | 17.9% | 17.7% | |
| Midwest | 22.4% | 25.3% | |
| South | 40.8% | 39.1% | |
| West | 18.9% | 17.9% | |
| Dyslipidemia | 66.2% | 64.3% | 0.0086 |
| Old MI | 15.3% | 16.6% | 0.0172 |
| Old PCI | 1.7% | 1.8% | 0.7893 |
| Old CABG | 10.2% | 8.7% | 0.0009 |
| Old pacemaker | 3.0% | 3.5% | 0.0632 |
| A. Fib/flutter | 19.6% | 22.7% | <0.0001 |
| COPD | 17.9% | 26.0% | <0.0001 |
| Carotid artery disease | 2.3% | 2.5% | 0.2685 |
| Old stroke | 1.1% | 1.2% | 0.5856 |
| Hypertension | 47.9% | 48.6% | 0.3366 |
| Peripheral vessel disease | 6.8% | 7.5% | 0.0532 |
| Hypothyroidism | 11.7% | 19.4% | <0.0001 |
| DM type 1 & 2 | 40.0% | 35.8% | <0.0001 |
| Obesity | 18.2% | 16.4% | 0.0024 |
| CHF | 33.4% | 36.8% | <0.0001 |
| CKD | 23.5% | 24.7% | 0.0454 |
| Liver disease | 3.4% | 3.1% | 0.2586 |
| Electrolyte derangement | 21.4% | 23.9% | <0.0001 |
| Maintenance hemodialysis | 3.2% | 2.2% | 0.0003 |
| O2 dependence | 2.4% | 4.0% | <0.0001 |
| Smoking | 27.2% | 31.8% | <0.0001 |
| Anemia | 22.6% | 29.9% | <0.0001 |