Table 2.

Weighted logistic regression models of material hardship types and health outcomes, add health wave IV

	Poor health		Depression		Sleep problems		Suicidal thoughts
	OR (95% CI)	AME	OR (95% CI)	AME	OR (95% CI)	AME	OR (95% CI)	AME
Panel 1: Any material hardship
Had any material hardship	1.66∗∗∗ (1.64, 1.68)	0.04∗∗∗	1.56∗∗∗ (1.35, 1.81)	0.06∗∗∗	1.49∗∗∗ (1.24, 1.79)	0.04∗∗∗	2.13∗∗∗ (1.65, 2.75)	0.04∗∗∗
Panel 2: Depth of material hardship
Number of hardships	1.17∗∗∗ (1.16, 1.18)	0.01∗∗∗	1.25∗∗∗ (1.17, 1.34)	0.03∗∗∗	1.21∗∗∗ (1.12, 1.31)	0.02∗∗∗	1.39∗∗∗ (1.28, 1.50)	0.02∗∗∗
Panel 3: Types of material hardship
Food hardship	1.41∗∗∗ (1.39, 1.44)	0.03∗∗∗	1.47∗∗∗ (1.23, 1.76)	0.05∗∗∗	1.32∗∗ (1.07, 1.62)	0.03∗∗∗	2.20∗∗∗ (1.65, 2.94)	0.04∗∗∗
Bill-paying hardship	1.27∗∗∗ (1.25, 1.29)	0.02∗	1.30∗∗∗ (1.11, 1.52)	0.03∗∗∗	1.30∗∗ (1.08, 1.54)	0.03∗∗	1.35∗ (1.01, 1.82)	0.02∗
Health-resource hardship	1.71∗∗∗ (1.69, 1.73)	0.04∗∗∗	1.52∗∗∗ (1.31, 1.76)	0.05∗∗	1.44∗∗∗ (1.23, 1.69)	0.04∗∗∗	1.63∗∗∗ (1.30, 2.04)	0.03∗∗

∗P < .05, ∗∗P < .01, ∗∗∗P < .001 (two tailed tests).

Each column and panel is from a different logistic regression.

Control variables include age, sex, race/ethnicity, immigration status, educational attainment, family income, homeownership status, employment status (recent job loss), number of kids in the household, receipt of public assistance, health behaviors including physical inactivity and smoking, as well as family background information including parental highest educational attainment and family structure from Wave I, and self-rated poor health and depressive symptom scores in Wave I. See Appendix Table S1 for full listing of the covariates.

Comparisons of significant differences between all types of hardships show no evidence to suggest that they have different impacts on health outcomes.

n = 13,313.

AME = Average marginal effects.