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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Commun Disord. 2020 Aug 18;87:106033. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2020.106033

Table 3.

Scores for each sign, by group. Figures are listed as μ ± SD.

Sign Verbal Minimally Verbal
Consonant Distortion* 46.4 ± 34.7 14.9 ± 5.4
Voicing Error 9.2 ± 5.8 11.5 ± 5.7
Nasality Error 1.9 ± 4.5 5.3 ± 8.2
Vowel Error* 10.5 ± 7.3 21.4 ± 4.5
Intrusive Schwa 1.3 ± 1.5 2.4 ± 2.9
Syllable Segmentation* 2.2 ± 3.4 8.2 ± 7.2
Stress Error 4.0 ± 1.6 4.4 ± 9.3
Slow Rate* 2.2 ± 4.8 7.8 ± 7.2
Difficulty with Coarticulation* 1.6 ± 1.9 4.3 ± 7.3
Groping* 0.3 ± 0.6 4.3 ± 4.1
Variable Errors 2.7 ± 2.8 2.6 ± 2.2
Additions* 0.7 ± 1.5 8.0 ± 5.7
*

significantly different between groups, p < 0.05