Table 2.
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and resilience factors among respondents to the 2016-2017 National Survey of Children’s Health, in total and stratified by current depression among children, N=40,302
| Characteristic | All N (%a) |
Currently Depressedb N (%) |
Not Currently Depressed N (%) |
P-valuec |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total sample | 40302 | 2174 (4.2) | 38128 (95.8) | |
| ACE Exposure | ||||
| ACE Countd | <.01 | |||
| Less than 4 | 37669 (92.3) | 1629 (72.2) | 36040 (93.2) | |
| 4 or more | 2633 (7.7) | 545 (27.8) | 2088 (6.8) | |
| Resilience Factors | ||||
| Child Resiliencee | <.01 | |||
| Definitely true or somewhat true | 37844 (93.2) | 1541 (66.3) | 36303 (94.4) | |
| Not true | 2458 (6.8) | 633 (33.7) | 1825 (5.6) | |
| Family Problem Solves Togetherf | <.01 | |||
| Almost all of the time or most of the time | 34677 (86.0) | 1535 (67.4) | 33142 (86.9) | |
| Some of the time or none of the time | 5625 (14.0) | 639 (32.6) | 4986 (13.1) | |
| Family Remains Hopefulg | <.01 | |||
| Almost all of the time or most of the time | 37452 (93.2) | 1708 (80.0) | 35744 (93.7) | |
| Some of the time or none of the time | 2850 (6.8) | 466 (20.0) | 2384 (6.3) | |
| After School Activitiesh | <.01 | |||
| Yes | 36223 (85.0) | 1702 (77.9) | 34521 (85.3) | |
| No | 4079 (15.0) | 472 (22.1) | 3607 (14.7) | |
| Other Adult Mentori | 0.03 | |||
| Yes | 37644 (89.7) | 1958 (86.5) | 35686 (89.9) | |
| No | 2658 (10.3) | 216 (13.5) | 2442 (10.1) | |
Weighted percentages to account for survey design
Respondents answered “Yes” to both questions for inclusion: “Has a health care provider ever told you this child has depression”, “If yes, does it child currently have this condition”
P-values were calculated using Chi-square analysis
ACE count includes all types of ACEs collected by survey: parental separation/divorce, parental death, household incarceration, witness household violence, witnessed neighborhood violence, household mental illness, household substance use, racial/ethnic mistreatment, and economic hardship
Respondents answer to “This child stays calm and control when faced with a challenge”
Respondents answer to “When your family faces problems how likely are you to work together to solve problems”
Respondents answer to “When your family faces problems how likely are you to stay hopeful even in difficult situations”
Respondents answer to “During the past 12 months did this child participate in sports, clubs, lessons after school” and or “volunteer at church, community, or school”
Respondents answer to “Other than adults in your home, is there at least 1 other adult who they can rely on for guidance and support”