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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Child Abuse Negl. 2020 Jul 15;107:104563. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104563

Table 4.

Standardized Coefficients for PCA Risk

T1 to T3 T2 to T3
Mothers Fathers Mothers Fathers
Base Model Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Base Model Step 1 Validation Validation
Direct Effects Paths β p β p β p β p β p β p β p β p
PCA Attitudes → PCA Risk .19 .001 .19 .001 .19 .001 .19 .001 .32 .001 .32 .001 .26 .001 .11 .176
Attributions → PCA Risk .42 .001 .42 .001 .43 .001 .43 .001 .27 .001 .28 .001 .40 .001 .43 .001
Compliance → PCA Risk .13 .046 .13 .044 .13 .055 .13 .039 .20 .019 .19 .019 .14 .044 .14 .081
Knowledge → PCA Risk −.28 .001 −.28 .001 −.28 .001 −.28 .001 −.22 .001 −.22 .001 −.34 .001 −.35 .001
Reactivity → PCA Risk .02 .808 .02 .804 −.01 .855 .03 .705
Empathy → Reactivity −.44 .001 −.44 .001 −.44 .001 −.44 .001 −.26 .001 −.26 .001 −.55 .001 −.45 .001
Empathy → Attributions −.32 .001 −.35 .001 −.35 .001 −.35 .001 −.34 .001 −.34 .001 −.32 .001 −.28 .001
Reactivity → Attributions .21 .001 .21 .001 .21 .001 .21 .001 .34 .001 .34 .001 .17 .011 .35 .001
PCA Attitudes → Attributions .22 .001 .19 .001 .19 .001 .19 .001 .12 .094 .12 .094 .05 .375 −.00 .964
PCA Attitudes → Knowledge −.25 .001 −.25 .001 −.25 .001 −.25 .001 −.23 .001 −.23 .001 −.24 .001 −.28 .009
PCA Attitudes → Compliance .01 .808 .01 .804 .17 .070 .17 .070 .03 .770
Attributions ↔ Compliance .26 .001 .25 .001 .26 .001 .28 .001
Fit Indices
X2 20.78 .023 8.18 .516 8.27 .507 8.13 .616 13.22 .153 13.43 .201 14.90 .136 17.85 .058
RMSEA .074 .000 .000 .000 .057 .048 .052 .074
 90% CI [.027, .118] [.000, .075] [.000, .075] [.000, .066] [.000, .117] [.000, .108] [.000, .103] [.000, .129]
SRMR .055 .040 .041 .041 .051 .050 .058 .065
CFI .949 1.000 1.000 1.000 .963 .970 .979 .939
Indirect Effects
Empathy → Attribution → PCA Risk −.15 .001 −.10 .002 −.13 .001 −.12 .006
Empathy → Reactivity → Attribution → PCA Risk −.04 .003 −.03 .032 −.04 .015 −.07 .002
Reactivity → Attribution → PCA Risk .09 .001 .10 .002 .07 .015 .15 .001
PCA Attitudes → Knowledge Discipline → PCA Risk .07 .008 .05 .010 .08 .002 .10 .005
PCA Attitudes → Attribution → PCA Risk .08 .004 .03 .092 .02 .365 −.00 .965
PCA Attitudes → Compliance → PCA Risk .03 .124 .01 .772