Table 4.
Students’ characteristics and the association of sleep disorders with academic performance
| Variables, n (%) | Poor performance, GPA ≤ 2.49 (n = 196) | Good performance, GPA ≥ 2.50 (n = 845) | p value (χ2 test) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender: | <0.001 | ||
| Female | 81 (41.3%) | 467 (55.3%) | |
| Male | 115 (58.7%) | 378 (44.7%) | |
| Obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 41 (20.9%) | 57 (6.7%) | <0.001 |
| School Year: | <0.001 | ||
| Second Year | 38 (19.4%) | 126 (14.9%) | |
| Third Year | 43 (21.9%) | 121 (14.3%) | |
| Fourth Year | 47 (24.0%) | 148 (17.5%) | |
| Fifth Year | 23 (11.7%) | 215 (25.4%) | |
| Sixth Year | 45 (23.0%) | 235 (27.8%) | |
| Academic level: | 0.001 | ||
| Preclinical | 81 (41.3%) | 247 (29.2%) | |
| Clinical | 115 (58.7%) | 598 (70.8%) | |
| Sleep Disorders: | |||
| OSA | 33 (16.8%) | 93 (11.0%) | 0.024 |
| Insomnia | 53 (27.0%) | 138 (16.3%) | <0.001 |
| Affective disorder | 45 (23.0%) | 98 (11.6%) | <0.001 |
| SSM | 4 (2.0%) | 2 (0.2%) | 0.003 |
| Narcolepsy | 51 (26.0%) | 31 (3.7%) | <0.001 |
| RLS/PLMD | 22 (11.2%) | 86 (10.2%) | 0.665 |
| CRD | 41 (20.9%) | 97 (11.5%) | <0.001 |
| Sleep walking | 4 (2.0%) | 7 (0.8%) | 0.135 |
| Nightmares | 11 (5.6%) | 37 (4.4%) | 0.458 |
| Hypersomnia | 38 (19.4%) | 202 (23.9%) | 0.176 |
OSA: obstructive sleep apnea; SSM: sleep state misperception; RLS/PLMD: restless leg syndrome/periodic limb movement disorder; CRD: circadian rhythm disorder.