Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Study | Author/s | Participants | TMS protocols |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Barhoun (unp.) | 13 healthy (5F, 22.1 ± 3.0 y) | cTBS |
| 2 | Di Lazzaro et al. (2008) | 12 stroke patients (5F, 69.4 ± 9.5 y), 12 controls (2F, 63.2 ± 5.3 y) | iTBS & cTBS |
| 3 | Di Lazzaro et al. (2011) | 10 healthy (7F, 26.6 ± 4.1 y) | SICI, ICF, iTBS, cTBS |
| 4 | Dickins et al. (2015) | 20 younger (10F, 22.9 ± 2.5 y) and 20 older participants (10F, 70.2 ± 3.1 y) | iTBS |
| 5 | Dileone et al. (2016) | 16 healthy (10F, 23.2 ± 3.8 y) | iTBS |
| 6 | Do et al. (2018) | 20 healthy (14F, 26.5 ± 3.1 y) | cTBS |
| 7 | Fried et al. (2017) | 28 type 2 diabetes patients (12F, 65.8 ± 7.7 y), 22 AD patients (13F, 69.6 ± 7.4 y), 26 healthy (13F, 62.9 ± 8.9 y) | SICI, ICF, iTBS |
| 8 | Goldsworthy et al. (2016) | 18 healthy (10F, 22.1 ± 4.4 y) | iTBS |
| 9 | Gomes-Osman (unp.) | 17 healthy (10F, 30.0 ± 12.9 y) | SICI, ICF, iTBS |
| 10 | Jannati et al. (2017) | 30 healthy (3F, 36.0 ± 14.4 y) | cTBS |
| 11 | Koch et al. (2016) | 40 AD patients (17F, 71.0 ± 6.4 y) and 24 healthy (12F, 69.3 ± 2.3 y) | iTBS, cTBS |
| 12 | Lee et al. (2014) | 18 healthy (12F, 73.8 ± 5.1 y) | cTBS |
| 13 | McDonnell et al. (2013) | 25 healthy (9F, 26.8 ± 8.1 y) | cTBS |
| 14 | Morris (unp.) | 15 healthy (9F, 25 ± 2.7 y) | SICI, ICF, iTBS |
| 15 | Munneke et al. (2013) | 10 ALS patients (10M, 57.8 ± 1.8 y) and 10 controls (0F, 49.0 ± 3.6 y) | SICI, ICF, cTBS |
| 16 | Nettekoven et al. (2014) | 16 healthy (9F, 27.0 ± 3.0 y) | iTBS |
| 17 | Opie et al. (2013) | 13 sleep apnoea patients (2F, 42.6 ± 10.2 y), 11 controls (2F, 43.0 ± 10.3 y) | SICI, cTBS |
| 18 | Puri et al. (2016) | 33 healthy (21F, 66.0 ± 4.8 y) | iTBS |
| 19 | Singh et al. (2016) | 10 healthy (6F, 25.4 ± 4.0 y) | SICI, ICF, cTBS |
| 20 | Vallence et al. (2015) | 18 healthy (10F, 23.1 ± 4.0 y) | cTBS |
| 21 | Vernet et al. (2014) | 10 healthy (5F, 33.0 ± 18.0 y) | cTBS |
| 22 | Young-Bernier et al. (2014) | 20 younger (13F, 22.3 ± 3.2 y) and 18 older healthy (9F, 70.1 ± 5.6 y) | iTBS |
Note: age mean and standard deviation are shown. Abbreviations: F = females; y = years old; GAD = generalised anxiety disorder; AD = Alzheimer’s disease; ALS = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; MDD = major depressive disorder; I/O = input/output; FDI = first dorsal interosseous; APB = abductor pollicis brevis.