Gene expression profiles from primed human carotid plaques incubated with CC. Carotid plaques were primed with C5a, C5a+TNF or left unprimed prior to incubation with CC or unstimulated ex vivo, before RNA isolation, Nanostring Technologies and Partek Genomics Suite analysis. Genes in the Kegg pathway “NOD-like receptor signalling pathway” are presented in a heat map (a) and genes linked to NLRP3 are presented in a graphical presentation (b). Basal levels in plaques treated with PBS as mean ± SEM normalized number of mRNAs: NLRP3 78±34, ASC 101±50, CASP1 125±52, IL-1β 2601±1186, IL-18 133±66. Genes involved in the complement cascade are presented in a heatmap (c). Colour scale bar indicates mean fold change compared to PBS (red is higher and blue is lower), n=8. ASC/PYCARD, apoptotic speck protein containing a caspase recruitment domain; C, Complement factor; CASP1, Caspase-1; CC, cholesterol crystals; CLU, clusterin; ITGAM/CD11b, integrin alpha M; ITGAX/CD11c, integrin alpha X; ITGB2/CD18, integrin beta 2; IL, interleukin; NLRP3, NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3; NOD, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain; SERPING1, complement 1 inhibitor; TNF, tumour necrosis factor. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, 3-way ANOVA.