Table 15.
Thirteen-weeks repeated dose toxicity and four-weeks recovery study: serum biochemical values of male dogs and serum biochemical values of female dogs
| Summary of serum biochemical test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test item | Group (mg/kg/day) sex: male | |||
| G1 (0) | G2 (250) | G3 (500) | G4 (1000) | |
| ALB1 (g/dL) | 2.86 ± 0.11 (5) | 3.03 ± 0.12 (3) | 2.70 ± 0.17 (3) | 2.98 ± 0.33 (5) |
| ALP2 (IU/L) | 264.20 ± 91.85 (5) | 216.33 ± 59.87 (3) | 187.00 ± 51.45 (3) | 316.40 ± 69.24 (5) |
| CA3 (mg/dL) | 10.48 ± 0.24 (5) | 10.33 ± 0.32 (3) | 10.07 ± 0.35 (3) | 10.22 ± 0.26 (5) |
| CHO4 (mg/dL) | 205.80 ± 40.12 (5) | 190.67 ± 31.82 (3) | 198.33 ± 57.83 (3) | 192.00 ± 38.46 (5) |
| CRE5 (mg/dL) | 0.85 ± 0.03 (5) | 0.94 ± 0.02** (3) | 0.85 ± 0.01 (3) | 0.82 ± 0.05 (5) |
| GLU6 (mg/dL) | 94.80 ± 8.70 (5) | 99.67 ± 0.58 (3) | 89.67 ± 0.58 (3) | 92.60 ± 6.47 (5) |
| AST7 (IU/L) | 35.40 ± 3.65 (5) | 38.67 ± 3.21 (3) | 38.00 ± 3.46 (3) | 52.20 ± 6.53** (5) |
| ALT8 (IU/L) | 36.20 ± 5.89 (5) | 37.33 ± 3.21 (3) | 34.00 ± 4.36 (3) | 61.20 ± 15.90** (5) |
| IP9 (mg/dL) | 5.90 ± 0.23 (5) | 5.33 ± 0.15 (3) | 5.40 ± 0.53 (3) | 5.06 ± 0.60 (5) |
| TP10 (g/dL) | 6.18 ± 0.31 (5) | 6.17 ± 0.23 (3) | 6.00 ± 0.26 (3) | 6.00 ± 0.19 (5) |
| BUN11 (mg/dL) | 17.62 ± 1.41 (5) | 16.00 ± 2.36 (3) | 20.03 ± 4.58 (3) | 16.38 ± 2.30 (5) |
| T-BIL12 (mg/dL) | 0.02 ± 0.03 (5) | 0.05 ± 0.03 (3) | 0.02 ± 0.01 (3) | 0.04 ± 0.02 (5) |
| TG13 (mg/dL) | 45.80 ± 17.99 (5) | 27.00 ± 5.57 (3) | 42.33 ± 24.34 (3) | 24.00 ± 7.81 (5) |
| CPK14 (U/L) | 226.40 ± 80.20 (5) | 201.00 ± 16.70 (3) | 212.00 ± 58.97 (3) | 195.40 ± 45.33 (5) |
| Na15 (mmol/L) | 143.80 ± 4.32 (5) | 144.00 ± 0.00 (3) | 142.33 ± 3.51 (3) | 143.40 ± 0.55 (5) |
| K16 (mmol/L) | 4.80 ± 0.21 (5) | 4.77 ± 0.32 (3) | 4.90 ± 0.20 (3) | 4.94 ± 0.26 (5) |
| Cl17 (mmol/L) | 108.40 ± 2.70 (5) | 106.00 ± 1.00 (3) | 108.33 ± 4.04 (3) | 105.60 ± 1.34 (5) |
| A/G ratio18 | 0.87 ± 0.10 (5) | 0.97 ± 0.00 (3) | 0.82 ± 0.03 (3) | 1.02 ± 0.28 (5) |
| Summary of serum biochemical test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test item | Group (mg/kg/day) sex: female | |||
| G1 (0) | G2 (250) | G3 (500) | G4 (1000) | |
| ALB1 (g/dL) | 2.88 ± 0.08 (5) | 2.80 ± 0.10 (3) | 2.83 ± 0.06 (3) | 2.86 ± 0.17 (5) |
| ALP2 (IU/L) | 231.00 ± 104.26 (5) | 181.33 ± 26.73 (3) | 152.67 ± 26.03 (3) | 237.60 ± 42.05 (5) |
| CA3 (mg/dL) | 10.34 ± 0.38 (5) | 10.07 ± 0.21 (3) | 10.40 ± 0.30 (3) | 10.38 ± 0.30 (5) |
| CHO4 (mg/dL) | 167.00 ± 20.22 (5) | 209.33 ± 35.81 (3) | 168.67 ± 32.01 (3) | 189.60 ± 30.25 (5) |
| CRE5 (mg/dL) | 0.75 ± 0.10 (5) | 0.82 ± 0.06 (3) | 0.78 ± 0.05 (3) | 0.83 ± 0.23 (5) |
| GLU6 (mg/dL) | 88.80 ± 7.66 (5) | 92.00 ± 1.00 (3) | 94.33 ± 3.06 (3) | 91.60 ± 9.02 (5) |
| AST7 (IU/L) | 38.40 ± 2.97 (5) | 40.00 ± 0.00 (3) | 46.67 ± 10.60 (3) | 71.00 ± 37.70 (5) |
| ALT8 (IU/L) | 34.00 ± 2.92 (5) | 38.67 ± 1.15 (3) | 34.00 ± 1.73 (3) | 53.20 ± 16.57 (5) |
| IP9 (mg/dL) | 5.18 ± 0.40 (5) | 5.27 ± 0.31 (3) | 5.67 ± 0.51 (3) | 5.42 ± 0.30 (5) |
| TP10 (g/dL) | 6.10 ± 0.16 (5) | 5.87 ± 0.21 (3) | 6.07 ± 0.15 (3) | 6.20 ± 0.20 (5) |
| BUN11 (mg/dL) | 16.26 ± 3.79 (5) | 18.27 ± 3.09 (3) | 16.60 ± 1.47 (3) | 15.44 ± 4.02 (5) |
| T-BIL12 (mg/dL) | 0.05 ± 0.02 (5) | 0.05 ± 0.02 (3) | 0.04 ± 0.02 (3) | 0.06 ± 0.03 (5) |
| TG13 (mg/dL) | 27.60 ± 7.57 (5) | 30.67 ± 10.50 (3) | 29.00 ± 7.94 (3) | 22.20 ± 8.44 (5) |
| CPK14 (U/L) | 191.20 ± 39.07 (5) | 185.00 ± 54.78 (3) | 214.33 ± 109.99 (3) | 306.80 ± 142.52 (5) |
| Na15 (mmol/L) | 145.80 ± 1.10 (5) | 145.33 ± 2.08 (3) | 143.33 ± 0.58 (3) | 144.60 ± 4.77 (5) |
| K16 (mmol/L) | 4.54 ± 0.23 (5) | 4.53 ± 0.15 (3) | 4.70 ± 0.10 (3) | 4.74 ± 0.15 (5) |
| Cl17 (mmol/L) | 106.20 ± 1.92 (5) | 108.00 ± 2.00 (3) | 106.00 ± 2.65 (3) | 106.60 ± 4.04 (5) |
| A/G ratio18 | 0.90 ± 0.07 (5) | 0.91 ± 0.02 (3) | 0.88 ± 0.08 (3) | 0.86 ± 0.08 (5) |
1: albumin, 2 alkaline phosphatase, 3: calcium, 4: total cholesterol; 5: creatinine, 6: glucose, 7: aspartate aminotransferase, 8: alanine aminotransferase, 9: inorganic phosphorus, 10: total protein, 11: blood urea nitrogen, 12: total bilirubin, 13: triglyceride, 14: creatine phosphokinase, 15: sodium, 16: potassium, 17: chloride, 18: albumin/globulin ratio
Mean ± SD (number of animals)
Significant difference compared with the control group value: **p < 0.01