Table 6.
Four-weeks repeated dose toxicity: serum biochemical values of male rats and female rats
| Summary of serum biochemical tests | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test item | Group (mg/kg/day) sex: male | |||
| G1 (0) | G2 (500) | G3 (1000) | G4 (2000) | |
| AST1 (IU/L) | 112 ± 17 (5) | 112 ± 9 (5) | 114 ± 19 (5) | 117 ± 19 (5) |
| ALT2 (IU/L) | 40 ± 4 (5) | 40 ± 4 (5) | 39 ± 5 (5) | 48 ± 6* (5) |
| GGT3 (IU/L) | 0.60 ± 0.55 (5) | 0.80 ± 0.45 (5) | 0.60 ± 0.55 (5) | 1.00 ± 0.00 (5) |
| ALP4 (IU/L) | 456 ± 83 (5) | 386 ± 66 (5) | 439 ± 66 (5) | 521 ± 53 (5) |
| BIL5 (mg/dL) | 0.04 ± 0.02 (5) | 0.04 ± 0.01 (5) | 0.02 ± 0.01 (5) | 0.02 ± 0.02 (5) |
| BUN6 (mg/dL) | 16.5 ± 2.4 (5) | 12.9 ± 2.1** (5) | 12.1 ± 0.6** (5) | 13.6 ± 1.4** (5) |
| CRE7 (mg/dL) | 0.46 ± 0.07 (5) | 0.43 ± 0.01 (5) | 0.42 ± 0.03 (5) | 0.43 ± 0.05 (5) |
| UA8 (mg/dL) | 1.0 ± 0.2 (5) | 1.0 ± 0.1 (5) | 1.0 ± 0.1 (5) | 0.8 ± 0.1 (5) |
| GLU9 (g/dL) | 164 ± 13 (5) | 154 ± 23 (5) | 149 ± 17 (5) | 132 ± 8* (5) |
| CHO10 (mg/dL) | 72 ± 12 (5) | 67 ± 12 (5) | 69 ± 11 (5) | 60 ± 8 (5) |
| TG11 (mg/dL) | 44 ± 22 (5) | 50 ± 22 (5) | 63 ± 25 (5) | 43 ± 8 (5) |
| PRO12 (g/dL) | 6.0 ± 0.3 (5) | 5.9 ± 0.0 (5) | 5.8 ± 0.2 (5) | 5.7 ± 0.1* (5) |
| ALB13 (g/dL) | 2.4 ± 0.1 (5) | 2.3 ± 0.1 (5) | 2.4 ± 0.1 (5) | 2.3 ± 0.0 (5) |
| A/G ratio14 | 0.66 ± 0.06 (5) | 0.65 ± 0.02 (5) | 0.71 ± 0.03 (5) | 0.69 ± 0.03 (5) |
| LDH15 (IU/L) | 808 ± 516 (5) | 841 ± 326 (5) | 743 ± 363 (5) | 684 ± 327 (5) |
| CPK16 (U/L) | 618 ± 312 (5) | 588 ± 197 (5) | 502 ± 168 (5) | 492 ± 178 (5) |
| Ca17 (mg/dL) | 9.7 ± 0.4 (5) | 9.8 ± 0.2 (5) | 9.4 ± 0.3 (5) | 9.6 ± 0.2 (5) |
| IP18 (mg/dL) | 8.0 ± 0.5 (5) | 7.8 ± 0.2 (5) | 7.6 ± 0.2 (5) | 8.2 ± 0.2 (5) |
| Mg19 (mg/dl) | 2.3 ± 0.1 (5) | 2.3 ± 0.1 (5) | 2.3 ± 0.2 (5) | 2.5 ± 0.2 (5) |
| Na20 (mmol/L) | 148 ± 1 (5) | 149 ± 4 (5) | 141 ± 5** (5) | 141 ± 3** (5) |
| K21 (mmol/L) | 4.8 ± 0.3 (5) | 4.9 ± 0.2 (5) | 4.5 ± 0.2 (5) | 4.8 ± 0.2 (5) |
| Cl22 (mmol/L) | 100 ± 1 (5) | 99 ± 3 (5) | 108 ± 4** (5) | 108 ± 2** (5) |
| Summary of serum biochemical tests | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Test item | Group (mg/kg/day) sex: female | |||
| G1 (0) | G2 (500) | G3 (1000) | G4 (2000) | |
| AST1 (IU/L) | 98 ± 12 (5) | 115 ± 23 (5) | 108 ± 11 (5) | 108 ± 19 (5) |
| ALT2 (IU/L) | 26 ± 3 (5) | 28 ± 4 (5) | 33 ± 10 (5) | 32 ± 5 (5) |
| GGT3 (IU/L) | 1.00 ± 0.00 (5) | 1.00 ± 0.00 (5) | 0.80 ± 0.45 (5) | 1.00 ± 0.00 (5) |
| ALP4 (IU/L) | 237 ± 73 (5) | 256 ± 61 (5) | 261 ± 94 (5) | 257 ± 68 (5) |
| BIL5 (mg/dL) | 0.07 ± 0.01 (5) | 0.08 ± 0.02 (5) | 0.07 ± 0.01 (5) | 0.05 ± 0.03 (5) |
| BUN6 (mg/dL) | 18.4 ± 2.4 (5) | 16.7 ± 3.3 (5) | 14.0 ± 2.2 (5) | 17.9 ± 3.2 (5) |
| CRE7 (mg/dL) | 0.46 ± 0.03 (5) | 0.46 ± 0.07 (5) | 0.46 ± 0.03 (5) | 0.48 ± 0.05 (5) |
| UA8 (mg/dL) | 0.8 ± 0.2 (5) | 1.1 ± 0.2 (5) | 1.1 ± 0.2 (5) | 1.0 ± 0.2 (5) |
| GLU9 (mg/dL) | 138 ± 12 (5) | 133 ± 12 (5) | 135 ± 14 (5) | 128 ± 10 (5) |
| CHO10 (mg/dL) | 82 ± 7 (5) | 66 ± 15 (5) | 69 ± 22 (5) | 72 ± 11 (5) |
| TG11 (mg/dL) | 33 ± 9 (5) | 18 ± 6 (5) | 25 ± 12 (5) | 25 ± 5 (5) |
| PRO12 (g/dL) | 6.0 ± 0.2 (5) | 6.3 ± 0.4 (5) | 6.5 ± 0.2 (5) | 6.4 ± 0.3 (5) |
| ALB13 (g/dL) | 2.6 ± 0.1 (5) | 2.7 ± 0.2 (5) | 2.9 ± 0.2 (5) | 2.8 ± 0.2 (5) |
| A/G ratio14 | 0.76 ± 0.06 (5) | 0.75 ± 0.04 (5) | 0.78 ± 0.05 (5) | 0.79 ± 0.06 (5) |
| LDH15 (IU/L) | 615 ± 273 (5) | 674 ± 462 (5) | 535 ± 357 (5) | 551 ± 361 (5) |
| CPK16 (U/L) | 436 ± 113 (5) | 459 ± 289 (5) | 351 ± 130 (5) | 405 ± 232 (5) |
| Ca17 (mg/dL) | 9.8 ± 0.1 (5) | 9.6 ± 0.3 (5) | 9.8 ± 0.3 (5) | 9.7 ± 0.2 (5) |
| IP18 (mg/dL) | 7.6 ± 0.6 (5) | 7.4 ± 0.6 (5) | 7.4 ± 0.8 (5) | 7.2 ± 0.8 (5) |
| Mg19 (mg/dL) | 2.4 ± 0.1 (5) | 2.5 ± 0.1 (5) | 2.5 ± 0.2 (5) | 2.4 ± 0.1 (5) |
| Na20 (mmol/L) | 145 ± 5 (5) | 143 ± 6 (5) | 140 ± 2 (5) | 145 ± 7 (5) |
| K21 (mmol/L) | 4.6 ± 0.2 (5) | 4.5 ± 0.5 (5) | 4.2 ± 0.2 (5) | 4.4 ± 0.4 (5) |
| Cl22 (mmol/L) | 102 ± 4 (5) | 102 ± 8 (5) | 108 ± 5 (5) | 100 ± 6 (5) |
1: aspartate aminotransferase, 2: alanine aminotransferase, 3: gamma(γ)-glutamyl transferase, 4: alkaline phosphatase, 5: total bilirubin, 6: blood urea nitrogen, 7: creatinine, 8: uric acid, 9: glucose, 10: total cholesterol, 11: triglyceride, 12: total protein, 13: albumin, 14: albumin/globulin ratio, 15: lactate dehydrogenase, 16: creatine phosphokinase, 17: calcium, 18: inorganic phosphorus, 19: magnesium, 20: sodium, 21: potassium, 22: chloride
Mean ± SD (number of animals)
Significant difference compared with control group value: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01