Table 1.
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with PDAC.
| Characteristics | Time to progression | Characteristics | Time to progression | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absence | Early progression | Late progression | N | P | Absence | Early progression | Late progression | N | P | ||||
| Whole cohort | 129 | 129 | 44 | 302 | Macrovascular invasion | Absence | 120 | 114 | 39 | 273 | 0.408 | ||
| Age | ≤ 60 years | 74 | 70 | 20 | 164 | 0.391 | Presence | 9 | 15 | 5 | 29 | ||
| >60 years | 55 | 59 | 24 | 138 | Microvascular invasion | Absence | 87 | 85 | 34 | 206 | 0.364 | ||
| Gender | Male | 53 | 46 | 20 | 119 | 0.453 | Presence | 42 | 44 | 10 | 96 | ||
| Female | 76 | 83 | 24 | 183 | Lymph vessel invasion | Absence | 65 | 55 | 20 | 140 | 0.199 | ||
| Recurrence | Absence | 129 | 24 | 21 | 174 | <0.001 | Presence | 62 | 76 | 74 | 162 | ||
| Presence | 0 | 105 | 23 | 128 | Perineural invasion | Absence | 70 | 55 | 21 | 146 | 0.174 | ||
| TNM stage | IA | 33 | 10 | 11 | 54 | 0.001 | Presence | 59 | 74 | 23 | 156 | ||
| IB | 36 | 25 | 13 | 74 | Adjacent organ invasion | Absence | 119 | 112 | 39 | 270 | 0.361 | ||
| IIA | 11 | 20 | 4 | 35 | Presence | 10 | 17 | 5 | 32 | ||||
| IIB | 32 | 38 | 9 | 79 | LNR | 0 | 83 | 61 | 29 | 173 | 0.036 | ||
| III | 17 | 36 | 7 | 60 | 0–0.16 | 26 | 32 | 8 | 66 | ||||
| Recurrence patterns | Absence | 129 | 24 | 21 | 174 | <0.001 | >0.16 | 20 | 36 | 7 | 63 | ||
| Local | 0 | 29 | 10 | 39 | Satellite foci | Absence | 123 | 120 | 44 | 287 | 0.180 | ||
| Liver-only | 0 | 43 | 6 | 49 | Presence | 6 | 9 | 0 | 15 | ||||
| Lung-only | 0 | 10 | 2 | 12 | Pancreatic membrane invasion | Absence | 81 | 74 | 28 | 183 | 0.608 | ||
| Other sites | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 | Presence | 48 | 55 | 16 | 119 | ||||
| Local + distant | 0 | 13 | 1 | 14 | PI | 0 | 93 | 78 | 28 | 199 | 0.310 | ||
| Multiple | 0 | 9 | 0 | 9 | 1 | 31 | 40 | 13 | 84 | ||||
| LN metastasis | Absence | 83 | 61 | 30 | 174 | 0.007 | 2 | 5 | 11 | 3 | 19 | ||
| Presence | 46 | 68 | 14 | 128 | Imaging tumor size (cm) | ≤ 2 | 63 | 30 | 11 | 104 | <0.001 | ||
| LN5 metastasis | Absence | 127 | 129 | 44 | 300 | 2–4 | 45 | 68 | 28 | 141 | |||
| Presence | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | >4 | 21 | 31 | 5 | 57 | ||||
| LN6 metastasis | Absence | 126 | 128 | 44 | 298 | 0.391 | Imaging LN metastasis | Absence | 73 | 75 | 27 | 175 | 0.856 |
| Presence | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | Presence | 56 | 54 | 17 | 127 | ||||
| LN7 metastasis | Absence | 128 | 126 | 42 | 296 | 0.283 | Imaging vascular invasion | Absence | 106 | 90 | 38 | 234 | 0.018 |
| Presence | 1 | 3 | 2 | 6 | Presence | 23 | 39 | 6 | 68 | ||||
| LN8 metastasis | Absence | 126 | 126 | 42 | 294 | 0.698 | Imaging LN size (cm) | ≤ 0.5 | 72 | 76 | 29 | 177 | 0.715 |
| Presence | 3 | 3 | 2 | 8 | 0.5–1 | 30 | 28 | 6 | 64 | ||||
| LN9 metastasis | Absence | 125 | 125 | 42 | 292 | 0.885 | >1 | 27 | 25 | 9 | 61 | ||
| Presence | 4 | 4 | 2 | 10 | NLR | ≤ 3.32 | 89 | 79 | 29 | 197 | 0.423 | ||
| LN10 metastasis | Absence | 127 | 125 | 43 | 295 | 0.710 | >3.32 | 40 | 50 | 15 | 105 | ||
| Presence | 2 | 4 | 1 | 7 | dNLR | ≤ 3.32 | 39 | 42 | 19 | 100 | 0.284 | ||
| LN11 metastasis | Absence | 126 | 124 | 44 | 294 | 0.367 | >3.32 | 90 | 87 | 25 | 202 | ||
| Presence | 3 | 5 | 0 | 8 | PLR | ≤ 98.13 | 17 | 13 | 6 | 36 | 0.692 | ||
| LN12 metastasis | Absence | 116 | 111 | 41 | 268 | 0.370 | >98.13 | 112 | 116 | 38 | 266 | ||
| Presence | 13 | 18 | 3 | 34 | PNI | 0 | 31 | 26 | 8 | 65 | 0.633 | ||
| LN13 metastasis | Absence | 103 | 92 | 36 | 231 | 0.181 | 1 | 98 | 103 | 36 | 237 | ||
| Presence | 26 | 37 | 8 | 71 | SII | ≤ 1000 | 90 | 86 | 30 | 206 | 0.867 | ||
| LN14 metastasis | Absence | 122 | 117 | 42 | 281 | 0.375 | >1000 | 39 | 43 | 14 | 96 | ||
| Presence | 7 | 12 | 2 | 21 | mGPS | 0 | 93 | 81 | 28 | 202 | 0.558 | ||
| LN15 metastasis | Absence | 127 | 123 | 44 | 294 | 0.367 | 1 | 23 | 33 | 11 | 67 | ||
| Presence | 2 | 6 | 0 | 8 | 2 | 13 | 15 | 5 | 33 | ||||
| LN16 metastasis | Absence | 127 | 113 | 44 | 284 | <0.001 | WBC | ≤ 10 | 124 | 115 | 41 | 280 | 0.097 |
| Presence | 2 | 16 | 0 | 18 | >10 | 5 | 14 | 3 | 22 | ||||
| LN17 metastasis | Absence | 124 | 125 | 44 | 293 | 0.424 | ALB (g/L) | ≤ 35 | 19 | 21 | 6 | 46 | 0.895 |
| Presence | 5 | 4 | 0 | 9 | >35 | 110 | 108 | 38 | 256 | ||||
| LN18 metastasis | Absence | 126 | 126 | 44 | 296 | 0.593 | CRP (ng/L) | ≤ 3 | 93 | 81 | 28 | 202 | 0.251 |
| Presence | 3 | 3 | 0 | 6 | >3 | 36 | 48 | 16 | 100 | ||||
| Positive LN number | 0 | 83 | 61 | 29 | 173 | 0.016 | CA19-9 (U/ml) | ≤ 35 | 34 | 16 | 9 | 59 | 0.018 |
| 1–3 | 36 | 46 | 13 | 95 | >35 | 95 | 113 | 35 | 243 | ||||
| >4 | 10 | 22 | 2 | 34 | CEA (ng/ml) | ≤ 5 | 97 | 77 | 31 | 205 | 0.026 | ||
| Tumor size (cm) | ≤ 2 | 48 | 24 | 16 | 88 | 0.007 | >5 | 32 | 52 | 13 | 97 | ||
| 2–4 | 60 | 68 | 18 | 146 | HBV infection | Absence | 120 | 122 | 41 | 283 | 0.866 | ||
| >4 | 21 | 37 | 10 | 68 | Presence | 9 | 7 | 3 | 19 | ||||
| Tumor differentiation | Well | 0 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0.009 | Chemotherapy | No | 78 | 58 | 24 | 160 | 0.043 |
| Moderate | 72 | 55 | 26 | 153 | Yes | 51 | 71 | 20 | 142 | ||||
| Poor | 57 | 72 | 18 | 147 | |||||||||
M, month; LN, lymph node metastasis; LNR, lymph node ratio; TNM, tumor–node–metastasis stage; PI, prognostic index; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; PNI, prognostic nutritional index; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; mGPS, modified Glasgow Prognostic Score; WBC, white blood cell count; ALB, albumin; CRP, C-reactive protein; CA19-9, carbohydrate antigen 19-9; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; HBV, hepatitis B virus.