TABLE 2.
Current vaccine platforms in clinical trials.
| Virus | Platform | Antigen | Vaccine | Phase | Trial N. | Sponsor |
| WNV | Inactivated virus | Whole virus | HydroVax-001 | I | NCT02337868 | NIAID |
| Viral vector | prM and E in YFV | ChimeriVax-WN02 | II | NCT00442169 | Sanofi | |
| pDNA | prM and E | VRC-WNVDNA017-00-VP | I | NCT00106769 | NIAID | |
| ZIKV | Inactivated virus | Whole virus | TAK-426 | I | NCT03343626 | Takeda |
| ZPIV | NCT02937233 | NIAID WRAI | ||||
| ZPIV | NCT02963909 | NIAID WRAI | ||||
| Live attenuated virus | Whole virus | rZIKV/D4Δ30-713 | I | NCT03611946 | NIAID | |
| mRNA | prM and E | mRNA-1893 | I | NCT04064905 | Moderna | |
| mRNA-1325 | NCT03014089 | Moderna | ||||
| pDNA | prM and E | VRC-ZKADNA085-00-VP | I | NCT02840487 | NIAID | |
| VRC-ZKADNA090-00-VP | II | NCT03110770 | NIAID | |||
| Viral vector | prM and E in MV | MV-ZIKA | I | NCT02996890 | Themis Bioscience | |
| Viral vector | M and E in Ad.26 | Ad26.ZIKV.001 | I | NCT03356561 | Janssen | |
| DENV | Inactivated virus | Whole virus | TDENV-PIV | I/II | NCT02421367 | GlaxoSmithKline |
| Live attenuated virus | Whole virus | TDV | III | NCT02747927 | Takeda | |
| Live attenuated virus | Whole virus | TetraVax-DV-TV003 | III | NCT02406729 | Butantan Institute | |
| pDNA | prM and E | D1ME100 | I | NCT00290147 | U.S. Army | |
| Viral vector | prM and E in YFV | Dengvaxia | III | NCT02993757 | Sanofi | |
| NCT02948933 | Sanofi | |||||
| CHIKV | Live attenuated virus | Whole virus | VLA1553 | I | NCT03382964 | Valneva |
| mRNA | prM and E | VAL-181388 | I | NCT03325075 | Moderna | |
| Viral vector | NC + E in MV | MV-CHIK | II | NCT02861586 | Themis Bioscience | |
| LASV | pDNA | GPC | INO-4500 | I | NCT03805984 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals |
| Viral vector | GP and NP in MV | MV-LASV | I | NCT04055454 | Themis Bioscience | |
| MARV | pDNA | MARV/EBOV-GP | VRC-EBODNA023-00-VP | I | NCT00997607 | NIAID |
| Viral vector | MARV-GP in ChAd3 | cAd3-Marburg | I | NCT03475056 | NIAID | |
| MARV/EOBV-GP in MVA Multifilo + Ad.26 | MVA-BN(R)-Filo + Ad26.ZEBOV | I | NCT02891980 | NIAID | ||
| SARS-CoV | Inactivated virus | Whole virus | SARS-CoV | I | NCT00533741 | NIAID |
| pDNA | S | VRC-SRSDNA015-00-VP | I | NCT00099463 | NIAID | |
| MERS-CoV | pDNA | S | GLS-5300 | I/II | NCT03721718 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals |
| Viral vector | S in ChAdOx1 | ChAdOx1 MERS | I | NCT03399578 | Oxford University | |
| S in MVA | MVA-MERS-S | I | NCT03615911 | University Hamburg-Eppendorf | ||
| SARS-CoV-2 | Inactivated virus | Whole virus | SARS-CoV-2 | I/II | NCT04352608 | Sinovac |
| I/II | NCT04383574 | Sinovac | ||||
| III | NCT04456595 | Sinovac and Butantan Institute | ||||
| LNP-mRNA | S | mRNA-1273 | I | NCT04283461 | Moderna/NIAID | |
| II | NCT04405076 | Moderna/NIAID | ||||
| III | NCT04470427 | Moderna/NIAID | ||||
| CVnCoV | I | NCT04449276 | CureVac AG | |||
| pDNA | S | INO-4800 | I | NCT04336410 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals | |
| I/II | NCT04447781 | Inovio Pharmaceuticals | ||||
| AG0301-COVID19 | I/II | NCT04463472 | AnGes, Inc. | |||
| GX-19 | I/II | NCT04445389 | Genexine, Inc. | |||
| Viral vector | S in Ad5 | Ad5-nCoV | II | NCT04341389 | CanSino Biologicals | |
| I | NCT04313127 | Beijing Institute and CanSino Biologics | ||||
| S in ChAdOx1 | ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 | I/II | NCT04324606 | Oxford University | ||
| Subunit | RBD-dimer | Recombinant new CoV vaccine (CHO cells) | II | NCT04466085 | Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical | |
| S | SARS-CoV-2 rS | I/II | NCT04368988 | Novavax | ||
| RBD | KBP-COVID-19 | I/II | NCT04473690 | Kentucky BioProcessing, Inc. | ||
| VLP | Coronavirus-Like Particle | CoVLP | I | NCT04450004 | Medicago |
To retrieve the listed clinical trials, we visited the “https://clinicaltrials.gov” website and used the following keywords: virus name; biological; study phase (selecting the most advanced study); vaccine platform. prM, pre-membrane; E, envelope; NC, nucleocapsid; GPC, glycoprotein precursor; GP, glycoprotein; S, spike; RBD, receptor binding domain; MV, Measles virus; MVA, Modified vaccinia Ankara; rVSV, recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus; Ad.26, Adenovirus type 26 vector; ChAd3, Chimpanzee adenovirus type 3 vector; VLP, virus-like particle; CHO, Chinese Hamster Ovary cells; LNP, lipid nanoparticles; NIAID, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; and WRAI, Walter Reed Army Institute.