Table 3.
List of endogenous and heterologous promoters used in microalgae research.
| Target species | Promoters | Nuclear (N)/ chloroplast (C) expression | Salient features | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankistrodesmus convolutus | AcRbcS promoter | N | Light-regulated promoter | Thanh et al., 2012 |
| C. reinhardtii | ARG7 promoter | N | Strong promoter | Specht et al., 2015 |
| β-TUB2 promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Crozet et al., 2018 | |
| CABII-1 | N | Light-dependent promoter | Doron et al., 2016 | |
| Cyc6 and Cpx1 promoter | N | Copper- and oxygen-dependent promoter | Quinn et al., 2000 | |
| CrGPDH3 promoter | N | Salt inducible promoter | Beltran-Aguilar et al., 2019 | |
| Fea1 promoter | N | Iron-responsive promoter | Barjona do Nascimento Coutinho et al., 2019 | |
| HSP70A-RBCS2 promoter | N | Strong hybrid promoter | Lauersen et al., 2015 | |
| HSP70A promoter | N | Strong promoter activity | Schroda et al., 2000 | |
| psaD promoter | N | Light-responsive constitutive promoter | Crozet et al., 2018 | |
| sap11 promoter | N | Synthetic strong promoter | Scranton et al., 2016 | |
| RBCS2 promoter | N | Strong promoter activity | Lumbreras et al., 1998 | |
| psaA promoter | C | Light-responsive strong promoter | Michelet et al., 2011 | |
| psbA promoter | C | Light-responsive strong promoter | Rasala et al., 2011 | |
| psbD promoter | C | Light-responsive strong promoter | Rasala et al., 2011 | |
| atpA promoter | C | Constitutive promoter activity | Rasala et al., 2011 | |
| 16S promoter-psbA 5' UTR | C | Strong promoter | Rasala et al., 2011 | |
| rbcL promoter | C | Light-responsive strong constitutive promoter | Rasala et al., 2011 | |
| Chaetoceros gracilis | Lhcr5 promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Ifuku et al., 2015 |
| C. vulgaris | CaMV35S promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Chow and Tung, 1999 |
| CvpsaD promoter | N | Light-responsive promoter | Kim et al., 2018 | |
| Chlorella ellipsoida | Ubi1- Ω promoter | N | Strong constitutive expression | Chen et al., 2001 |
| Cyclotella cryptica | ACCase promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Dunahay et al., 1996 |
| Cylindrotheca fusiformis | fruα3 promoter | N | Strong constitutive expression | Fischer et al., 1999 |
| D. salina | LIP promoter | N | Light-inducible promoter | Baek et al., 2016b |
| GAPDH promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Doron et al., 2016 | |
| Fistulifera sp. | fcpB promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Muto et al., 2013 |
| H4 promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Muto et al., 2013 | |
| H. pluvialis | CaMV 35S | N | Constitutive promoter | Kathiresan et al., 2009 |
| Ptub promoter | N | Strong promoter | Yuan et al., 2019 | |
| rbcL promoter | C | Light-responsive strong constitutive promoter | Gutiérrez et al., 2012 | |
| P. tricornutum | CaMV 35S promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Chow and Tung, 1999 |
| U6 promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Serif et al., 2018; Stukenberg et al., 2018 | |
| Lhcf promoter | N | Light-dependent promoter | Lepetit et al., 2010 | |
| NIT promoter | N | Ammonium inducible promoter | Chu et al., 2016 | |
| pPhAP1 promoter | N | Strong promoter | Lin et al., 2017 | |
| Pt211 promoter | N | Strong constitutive promoter | Zou et al., 2018 | |
| fcp promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Watanabe et al., 2018 | |
| V-ATPase promoter | N | Strong constitutive promoter | Watanabe et al., 2018 | |
| ef2 promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Seo et al., 2015 | |
| HASP1 promoter | N | Strong constitutive promoter | Erdene-Ochir et al., 2019 | |
| rbcL promoter | C | Light-responsive strong constitutive promoter | Xie et al., 2014 | |
| N. oceanica | β-tubulin promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Li et al., 2014a |
| CMV viral promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Osorio et al., 2019 | |
| ef promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Poliner et al., 2018 | |
| Ribi promoter | N | Bidirectional strong constitutive promoter | Poliner et al., 2018 | |
| EM7 promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Osorio et al., 2019 | |
| NIT promoter | N | Ammonium inducible promoter | Jackson et al., 2019 | |
| VCP promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Li et al., 2014a | |
| rbcL promoter | C | Light-responsive strong constitutive promoter | Gan et al., 2018 | |
| N. gaditana | TCT promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Ajjawi et al., 2017 |
| RPL24 promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Ajjawi et al., 2017 | |
| 4ALL promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Ajjawi et al., 2017 | |
| EIF3 promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Ajjawi et al., 2017 | |
| N. oculata | HSP70A-RBCS2 promoter | N | Strong hybrid promoter | Shih et al., 2015 |
| N. salina | TUB promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Koh et al., 2019 |
| UEP promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Koh et al., 2019 | |
| T. pseudonana | Lcfs9 promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Poulsen et al., 2006 |
| NIT promoter | N | Nitrate inducible promoter | Poulsen et al., 2006 | |
| Volvox carteri | LHCBM1 promoter | N | Constitutive promoter | Tian et al., 2018 |
| nitA promoter | N | Nitrate inducible promoter | von der Heyde et al., 2015 | |
| ISG promoter | N | Developmental stage (embryonic inversion) specific promoter | Hallmann and Sumper, 1994 | |
| Arylsulfate promoter | N | Sulfur starvation inducible promoter | Hallmann and Sumper, 1994 |