TABLE 2.

Univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards analysis of clinicopathological parameters and MDG signature of GBM patients in the TCGA training cohort and CGGA validation cohort.

Variables	TCGA cohort (training set)				CGGA cohort (validation set)
	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis		Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value	HR (95% CI)	P-value
Age	1.03 (1.01–1.04)	1.98e–04	1.05 (1.02–1.08)	1.56e–02	1.21 (1.19–1.26)	9.53e–03	1.34 (1.30–1.38)	2.33e–02
Sex	0.92 (0.63–1.34)	0.65	–	–	1.29 (0.95–1.77)	0.11	–	–
New event	0.56 (0.39–0.82)	2.81e–03	0.63 (0.41–0.98)	4.31e–02	0.79 (0.66–0.92)	1.88e–05	0.85 (0.77–0.93)	3.11e–02
KPS	0.93 (0.69–1.23)	0.59	–	–	NA		NA
Pharmacotherapy	1.27 (1.13–1.42)	6.97e–05	1.16 (1.02–1.32)	2.04e–02	1.55 (1.16–1.94)	1.98e–03	1.49 (1.19–1.79)	3.51e–04
Radiotherapy	0.43 (0.26–0.71)	1.04e–03	0.48 (0.29–0.79)	4.78e–03	0.73 (0.53–0.93)	1.97e–03	0.77 (0.74–0.81)	1.88e–02
Surgery	0.93 (0.52–1.67)	0.82	–	–	NA		NA
IDH status	0.26 (0.09–0.71)	8.91e–03	0.18 (0.04–0.88)	3.42e–02	0.77 (0.63–0.95)	1.23e–02	0.89 (0.86–0.92)	2.88e–02
MGMT promoter status	1.43 (1.13–1.73)	6.84e–03	1.37 (1.07–1.67)	1.39e–02	2.57 (2.04–4.54)	2.48e–05	1.49 (1.31–1.82)	4.21e–02
TERT status	0.91 (0.29–2.86)	0.87	–	–	NA		NA
BRAF status	1.97 (0.72–5.41)	0.19	–	–	NA		NA
ATRX status	0.43 (0.19–0.97)	4.28e–02	2.38 (0.63–9.01)	0.20	NA		NA
EGFR status	1.27 (0.87–1.86)	0.21	–	–	NA		NA
1p/19q status	NA		NA		0.77 (0.24–2.43)	0.65	–	–
MDG signature	2.41 (1.64–3.53)	6.27e–06	1.92 (1.29–2.85)	1.25e–04	1.93 (1.42–2.63)	2.38e–05	1.94 (1.39–2.70)	9.05e–05

MDG, DNA methylation-driven gene; GBM, glioblastoma; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; KPS, Karnofsky performance score. All statistical tests were two-sided. Bold type means P < 0.05.