Table 1.

Total volume infused and cardiovascular parameters.

Parameter	Group	Initial	Final	Time	Group	Time vs. group
Total volume infused	Saline	—	4.3 ± 1.6	–	–	–
(mL)	5% ALB		2.7 ± 0.6*
	20% ALB	—	2.6 ± 0.5*
Albumin infused	Saline	—	–
(g/kg)	5% ALB	—	0.42 ± 0.22
	20% ALB	—	1.42 ± 0.56†	–	–	–
Hematocrit	Saline	0.38 ± 0.06.	0.38 ± 0.03
(SI)	5% ALB	0.38 ± 0.05	0.34 ± 0.07	p = 0.10	p = 0.64	p = 0.18
	20% ALB	0.39 ± 0.03	0.38 ± 0.06
MAP	Saline	72 ± 21	104 ± 17‡
(mmHg)	5% ALB	78 ± 35	100 ± 20‡	p < 0.01	p = 0.78	p = 0.82
	20% ALB	77 ± 25	112 ± 36‡
HR	Saline	318 ± 66	325 ± 66
(bpm)	5% ALB	337 ± 91	351 ± 59	p = 0.70	p = 0.32	p = 0.46
	20% ALB	324 ± 71	280 ± 82
dIVC	Saline	0.56 [0.42–0.83]	0.22 [0.14–0.29]‡
(SI)	5% ALB	0.39 [0.33–0.84]	0.16 [0.09–0.25]‡	p < 0.001	p = 0.71	p = 0.99
	20% ALB	0.42 [0.34–0.90]	0.20 [0.05–0.25]‡
SV	Saline	0.26 ± 0.12	0.33 ± 0.12‡
(mL)	5% ALB	0.36 ± 0.14	0.42 ± 0.08‡	p = 0.01	p = 0.20	p = 0.19
	20% ALB	0.27 ± 0.05	0.54 ± 0.26‡
CO	Saline	87 ± 53	97 ± 77
(mL/min)	5% ALB	124 ± 40	132 ± 53	p = 0.20	p = 0.35	p = 0.59
	20% ALB	93 ± 26	140 ± 104‡

Data are shown as mean ± SD; 20% ALB, 20% albumin; 5% ALB, 5% albumin. Comparisons among groups at each time point (INITIAL and FINAL) were done by two-way ANOVA followed by Holm–Šídák's multiple comparisons. For comparison of total volume infused, the Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons was used. For comparison of albumin volume infused, the Mann–Whitney U-test was used. MAP, mean arterial pressure; HR, heart rate; dIVC, distensibility index of the inferior vena cava; SV, stroke volume; CO, cardiac output; SI, International System of Units.

^*vs Saline (p < 0.05);

^†vs 5% ALB (p < 0.01);

^‡vs Initial (p < 0.05).