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. 2020 Sep 16;10:15206. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71817-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vivo dual-probe MRI of collagen metabolism and inflammatory activity of a stable and rupturing AAA (longitudinal study). (A1,B1) 3D visualizations of suprarenal abdominal aortas. (A2) Strong enhancement from the collagen-targeted probe in the surviving animal and (B2) notably less signal enhancement in the animal suffering a fatal aneurysm rupture. (A3) A minor signal void in the surviving animal compared to a larger signal void in the animal suffering a fatal rupture (B3). (A2/A3,B2/B3) are fusions of (A2) and (A3) or (B2) and (B3) for better visualization of the spatial distribution, with the green to yellow colors and the red stars indicating the enhancement from the collagen-specific probe and the blue double crosses indicating the signal voids. (C,D), ROC curves for the iron oxide probe (signal voids) (C) and the collagen-specific probe (D). (E,F) differences in the collagen-specific probe (E) and the size of the signal void (F) between stable and fatal AAAs. (G) For a quotient of the size of the signal void and T1 signal enhancement (CNR), there was a significant difference between surviving animals and mice with rupturing aneurysms (p = 0.046). (H) Combined assessment of both probes allowed for the highest diagnostic performance to predict aneurysm rupture, yielding a sensitivity of 80% and a specificity of 100%. CNR contrast-to-noise ratio. *Signal from the collagen-binding probe in the aneurysmal wall, ^#Signal void from the iron oxide particles, AAA suprarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm, rA renal artery, ⁺Vascular lumen in arterial TOF.