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. 2020 Sep 16;10:15164. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72026-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gene expression levels evaluated by real-time (RT)PCR in kidney biopsy specimens of IgAN patients with active (DEFA4, TNFAIP6, FAR2) and chronic renal lesions (LTB, CXCL6 and ITGAX), 22 non-IgAN (non-IgAN) and 7 kidney living donors (KLD). (A–C) DEFA4, TNFAIP6, FAR2 normalized gene expression levels are significantly higher in IgAN patients with active renal lesions compared to all other groups. (A) DEFA4 ANOVA F(3,19) = 8.012, p = 0.0012; Tukey’s multiple comparison test, active versus chronic, active versus non IgAN and active versus KLD all p < 0.05. (B) TNFAIP6 ANOVA F(3,21) = 6.761, p = 0.0023; Tukey’s multiple comparison test, active versus chronic, active versus non IgAN and active versus KLD all p < 0.05. (C) FAR2 Kruskal–Wallis test p = 0.0013. Dunn’s multiple comparison test, active versus chronic, active versus non-IgAN and active versus KLD, all p < 0.05. (D–F) LTB, CXCL6, ITGAX normalized gene expression levels are significantly higher in IgAN patients with chronic renal lesions compared to all other groups. (D) LTB ANOVA F(3,16) = 5.646 p = 0.0079. Tukey’s multiple comparison test, chronic versus active, chronic versus non IgAN , chronic versus KLD all p < 0.05. (E) CXCL6 Kruskal–Wallis test p = 0.0057. Dunn’s multiple comparison test, chronic versus active, chronic versus non-IgAN and chronic versus KLD, all p < 0.05. (F) ITGAX Kruskal–Wallis test p = 0.0009. Dunn’s multiple comparison test, chronic versus active, chronic versus non-IgAN and chronic versus KLD, all p < 0.05.