Table 1.
Patient demographics, level of spondylolisthesis, apex of lumbar lordosis, and level of spondylolisthesis assessed relative to the apex of lumbar lordosis by the direction of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis.
| Anterolisthesis (n = 233) | Retrolisthesis (n = 49) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient demographics | |||
| Sex (male/female ratio) | 23/210 | 8/41 | 0.189 |
| Age (years)* | 65.3 ± 9.8 (44–92) | 67.3 ± 9.8 (49–88) | 0.203 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)* | 24.5 ± 3.6 (18.0–37.7) | 24.0 ± 3.2 (18.8–32.3) | 0.322 |
| Level of spondylolisthesis | |||
| L1 vertebra, n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (8.2) | <0.001 |
| L2 vertebra, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 17 (34.7) | <0.001 |
| L3 vertebra, n (%) | 43 (18.5) | 23 (46.9) | <0.001 |
| L4 vertebra, n (%) | 170 (73.0) | 5 (10.2) | <0.001 |
| L5 vertebra, n (%) | 19 (8.1) | 0 (0) | 0.038 |
| Apex of lumbar lordosis | |||
| Thoracic spine, n (%) | 11 (4.7) | 1 (2.0) | 0.398 |
| Th12/L1 intervertebral disc, n (%) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 0.515 |
| L1 vertebra, n (%) | 3 (1.3) | 0 (0) | 0.425 |
| L1/2 intervertebral disc, n (%) | 6 (2.6) | 1 (2.0) | 0.827 |
| L2 vertebra, n (%) | 11 (4.7) | 0 (0) | 0.121 |
| L2/3 intervertebral disc, n (%) | 34 (14.6) | 0 (0) | 0.004 |
| L3 vertebra, n (%) | 64 (27.5) | 1 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| L3/4 intervertebral disc, n (%) | 61 (26.2) | 11 (22.4) | 0.586 |
| L4 vertebra, n (%) | 38 (16.3) | 12 (24.5) | 0.173 |
| L4/5 intervertebral disc, n (%) | 1 (0.4) | 11 (22.4) | <0.001 |
| L5 vertebra, n (%) | 2 (0.8) | 9 (18.4) | <0.001 |
| L5/S1 intervertebral disc, n (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (6.1) | <0.001 |
| Level of spondylolisthesis assessed relative to the apex of lumbar lordosis | |||
| Low, n (%) | 179 (76.8) | 2 (4.1) | <0.001 |
| Middle, n (%) | 47 (20.2) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| High, n (%) | 7 (3.0) | 47 (95.9) | <0.001 |
Low was defined as spondylolysis at a level lower than the apex of lumbar lordosis. Middle was defined as spondylolysis of the apex of lumbar lordosis. High was defined as spondylolysis at a level higher than the apex of lumbar lordosis. *Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (range).