TABLE 1.
Heart- and muscle- enriched miRNAs as biomarkers of AMI.
| miRNA | Normalization | Control/Case | Regulation | Extraction method | Clinical value | References |
| miR-1 | U6 snRNA | 66/93 MI | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.7740) | Ai et al., 2010, #31 |
| N/A | 20/31 AMI | Up | miRNAs Isolation Kit (ShortHills) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Cheng et al., 2010, #28 | |
| miR-17-5p | 17/33 STEMI | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | D’Alessandra et al., 2010, #29 | |
| miRNA spike-in | 11/25 MI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.98) | Gidlof et al., 2011, #32 | |
| N/A | 42/29 ACS | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.777) | Kuwabara et al., 2011, #30 | |
| miR-16 | 20/19 UA, 34 SA | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC for SA: 0.918; UA:0.920) | D’Alessandra et al., 2013, #45 | |
| Cel-miR-39 | 32/67 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.8265) | Li et al., 2013, #36 | |
| miR-17 | 99/92 NSTEMI | Up | Not mentioned | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Olivieri et al., 2013, #35 | |
| Cel-miR-39 | 72/70 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.81) | Liu X. et al., 2015, #34 | |
| miR-133a/b | miR-17-5p | 17/33 STEMI | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | D’Alessandra et al., 2010, #29 |
| N/A | 42/29 ACS | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.932) | Kuwabara et al., 2011, #30 | |
| miRNA spike-in | 11/25 MI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.86) | Gidlof et al., 2011, #32 | |
| Cel-miR-54 | 0/117 UA, 131 NSTEMI, 196 STEMI | Up | Master Pure RNA Purification Kit | Diagnosis or prognosis (AUC: 0.57) | Widera et al., 2011, #33 | |
| U6 snRNA | 28/51 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC for plasma and whole blood: 0.890 and 0.810) | Wang R. et al., 2011, #27 | |
| miR-16 | 20/19 UA, 34 SA | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis of 133a (AUC for UA:0.906;SA:0.772). Diagnosis of 133b (AUC for UA:0.776;SA:0.844) | D’Alessandra et al., 2013, #45 | |
| Cel-miR-39 | 32/67 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.9468) | Li et al., 2013, #36 | |
| U6 snRNA | 127/13 AMI, 176 AP | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Wang et al., 2013, #119 | |
| miR-17 | 99/92 NSTEMI, 81 CHF | Up | Not mentioned | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Olivieri et al., 2013, #35 | |
| miR-16 | 110/76 AMI | Up | miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.912) | Peng et al., 2014, #37 | |
| miR-208a/b | Cel-miR-39 | 30/33 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.965) | Wang G. K. et al., 2010, #40 |
| Cel-miRs (3×) | 36/32 AMI | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Corsten et al., 2010, #44 | |
| miRNA spike-in | 11/25 MI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 1.0) | Gidlof et al., 2011, #32 | |
| Cel-miR-54 | 0/117 UA,131 NSTEMI, 196 STEMI | Up | Master Pure RNA Purification Kit | Diagnosis and prognosis (AUC:0.57) | Widera et al., 2011, #33 | |
| Cel-miR-39 | 32/67 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.8899) | Li et al., 2013, #36 | |
| SV40 spike-in | 243/116 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis and prognosis (AUC: 0.780) | Lv et al., 2014, #42 | |
| Cel-miR-39 | 72/70 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.72) | Liu X. et al., 2015, #34 | |
| miR-499 | Spike-in RNA | 10/14 ACS, 15 CHF | Up | mirVana PARIS Kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Adachi et al., 2010, #48 |
| miR-17-5p | 17/33 STEMI | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | D’Alessandra et al., 2010, #29 | |
| Cel-miRs (3×) | 36/32 AMI | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Corsten et al., 2010, #44 | |
| miRNA spike-in | 11/25 MI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.99) | Gidlof et al., 2011, #32 | |
| Cel-miR-39 | 32/67 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.8841) | Li et al., 2013, #36 | |
| miR-17 | 99/92 NSTEMI, 81 CHF | Up | not mentioned | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.86) | Olivieri et al., 2013, #35 | |
| Median Ct | 89/28 AMI | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis and prognosis (AUC: 0.939) | Yao et al., 2014, #49 | |
| Mean Ct | 30/73 ACS | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Chen et al., 2015, #47 | |
| Cel-miR-39 | 72/70 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.88) | Liu X. et al., 2015, #34 | |
| U6 snRNA | 100/142 AMI | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.86) | Zhang L. et al., 2015, #46 | |
| U6 snRNA | 25/37 UA, 48 NSTEMI | Up | RNA extraction kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC for UA: 0.98; NSTEMI: 0.97) | Shalaby et al., 2016, #50 |
MI, myocardial infarction; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; UA, unstable angina pectoris; SA, stable angina pectoris; AP, angina pectoris; CHF, congestive heart failure; CAD, coronary artery disease; snRNA, small nuclear RNA; Ct, cycle threshold.