TABLE 2.
Non-cardiac miRNAs as biomarkers of AMI.
| miRNA | Normalization | Control/Case | Regulation | Extraction method | Clinical value | References |
| miR-16 | Cel-miRs (3×) | 0/150 AMI | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Devaux et al., 2013a, #57 |
| miR-19b | Cel-miR-39 | 140/140 AMI | Up | miRNeasy Plasma Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.74) | Li L. et al., 2019, #59 |
| Cel-miR-39 | 18/20 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.821) | Wang K. J. et al., 2016, #60 | |
| miR-21 | miR-17 | 99/92 NSTEMI, 81 CHF | Up | Not mentioned | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Olivieri et al., 2013, #35 |
| U6 snRNA | 25/38 AMI | Up | total-RNA extraction kit | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Wang et al., 2017, #54 | |
| Cel-miR-39 | 10/66 AMI | Up | RNAprep pure Blood Kit (Tiangen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.892 | Zhang Y. et al., 2016, #55 | |
| miR-22-5p | Cel-miR-39 | 70/66 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.975) | Wang et al., 2019, #63 |
| miR-27a | Cel-miRs (3×) | 0/150 AMI | Up | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Devaux et al., 2013a, #57 |
| MiR-30c | RNU6B-2 | 20/20 STEMI | Up | miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis and prognosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Meder et al., 2011, #66 |
| miR-30d-5p | Cel-miR-39 | 79/230 ACS | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis and prognosis (AUC: 0.915) | Jia et al., 2016, #64 |
| miR-34a | SV40 spike-in | 243/116 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis and prognosis (AUC: 0.738) | Lv et al., 2014, #42 |
| miR-122 | miR-16 | 20/19 UA, 34 SA | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC for UA: 0.689; SA: 0.734) | D’Alessandra et al., 2013, #45 |
| U6 snRNA | 39/50 AMI | Up | miRcute miRNA Isolation Kit (Tiangen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.855) | Yao et al., 2015, #62 | |
| Cel-miR-39 | 70/66 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.626) | Wang et al., 2019, #63 | |
| miR-124 | GAPDH | 45/90 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.86) | Guo et al., 2017, #67 |
| miR-125b-5p | Cel-miR-39 | 79/230 ACS | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis and prognosis (AUC: 0.879) | Jia et al., 2016, #64 |
| miR-126 | Average Ct | 820/population-based study | Up | miRNeasy kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Zampetaki et al., 2012, #51 |
| miR-16 | 20/19 UA, 34 SA | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC for SA: 0.929; UA: 0.867) | D’Alessandra et al., 2013, #45 | |
| miR-134 | SV40 spike-in | 30/359 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis and prognosis (AUC: 0.818) | He et al., 2014, #52 |
| U6 snRNA | 20/18 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.827) | Wang K. J. et al., 2016, #60 | |
| miR-144-3p | 5 spike-in RNAs | 100/112 AMI | Up | miRCURY RNA isolation kit for biofluids (Exiqon) | Diagnosis (Combined AUC: 0.91) | Bye et al., 2016, #69 |
| miR-145 | RNU6B-2 | 20/20 STEMI | Up | miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) | Prognosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Meder et al., 2011, #66 |
| miR-16 | 20/19 UA, 34 SA | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC for UA: 0.779; SA: 0.725) | D’Alessandra et al., 2013, #45 | |
| miR-150 | U6 snRNA | 110/65 STEMI, 45 NSTEMI | Up | miRNeasy Serum/Plasm Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC for STEMI: 0.639; NSTEMI: 0.734) | Zhang R. et al., 2015, #53 |
| miR-186-5p | Cel-miR-39 | 18/20 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC:0.796) | Wang K. J. et al., 2016, #60 |
| miR-199a | miR-16 | 20/19 UA, 34 SA | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC for UA: 0.739; SA: 0.821) | D’Alessandra et al., 2013, #45 |
| miR-210 | U6 snRNA | 25/37 UA, 48 NSTEMI | Up | RNA extraction kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC for UA: 0.98; NSTEMI: 0.97) | Shalaby et al., 2016, #50 |
| miR-221-3p | Two spike-in controls, six housekeeping genes | 16/27 AMI | Up | miRNeasy Serum/Plasm Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.892) | Coskunpinar et al., 2016, #68 |
| miR-223 | Cel-miR-39 | 140/140 AMI | Up | miRNeasy Plasma Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.65) | Li L. et al., 2019, #59 |
| miR-328 | SV40 spike-in | 30/359 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis and prognosis (AUC: 0.887) | He et al., 2014, #52 |
| U6 snRNA | 28/51 AMI | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC for plasma and whole blood samples: 0.702 and 0.872) | Wang R. et al., 2011, #27 | |
| miR-337-5p | miR-16 | 20/19 UA, 34 SA | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC for UA: 0.693; SA: 0.796) | D’Alessandra et al., 2013, #45 |
| miR-423-5p | miR-17 | 99/92 NSTEMI, 81 CHF | Up | Not mentioned | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Olivieri et al., 2013, #35 |
| miR-424-5p | 5 spike-in RNAs | 100/112 AMI | Up | miRCURY RNA isolation kit for biofluids (Exiqon) | Diagnosis (Combined AUC: 0.91) | Bye et al., 2016, #69 |
| miR-483-5P | Cel-miR-39 | 140/140 AMI | Up | miRNeasy Plasma Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.70) | Li L. et al., 2019, #59 |
| miR-485-3p | miR-16 | 20/19 UA, 34 SA | Up | TRIzol Reagent | Diagnosis (AUC for SA: 0.851; UA: 0.808) | D’Alessandra et al., 2013, #45 |
| miR-486 | U6 snRNA | 110/65 STEMI, 45 NSTEMI | Up | miRNeasy Serum/Plasm Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC for STEMI: 0.695; NSTEMI: 0.782) | Zhang R. et al., 2015, #53 |
| miR-660-5p | 5 spike-in RNAs | 100/112 AMI | Up | miRCURY RNA isolation kit for biofluids (Exiqon) | Diagnosis (Combined AUC:0.91) | Bye et al., 2016, #69 |
| miR-663b | miR-16 | 110/76 AMI | Up | miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.611) | Peng et al., 2014, #37 |
| miR-1291 | miR-16 | 110/76 AMI | Up | miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.695) | Peng et al., 2014, #37 |
| miR-101 | Cel-miRs (3×) | 150 AMI | Down | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Devaux et al., 2013a, #57 |
| miR-106a-5p | 5 spike-in RNAs | 100/112 AMI | Down | miRCURY RNA isolation kit for biofluids (Exiqon) | Diagnosis (Combined AUC: 0.91) | Bye et al., 2016, #69 |
| let-7g-5p | 5 spike-in RNAs | 100/112 AMI | Down | miRCURY RNA isolation kit for biofluids (Exiqon) | Diagnosis (Combined AUC: 0.91) | Bye et al., 2016, #69 |
| miR-122 | miR-17-5p | 17/33 STEM | Down | mirVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (AUC for UA: 0.689; SA: 0.734) | D’Alessandra et al., 2013, #45 |
| miR-150 | Cel-miRs (3×) | 150 AMI | Down | miRVana PARIS isolation kit (Ambion) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Devaux et al., 2013a, #57 |
| miR-197 | Average Ct | 773/Population -based study | Down | miRNeasy kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Zampetaki et al., 2012, #51 |
| miR-223 | Average Ct | 773/47 AMI | Down | miRNeasy kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (ROC analysis not performed) | Zampetaki et al., 2012, #51 |
| miR-663b | RNU6B-2 | 20/20 STEMI | Down | miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.94) | Meder et al., 2011, #66 |
| miR-1291 | RNU6B-2 | 20/20 STEMI | Down | miRNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen) | Diagnosis (AUC: 0.91) | Meder et al., 2011, #66 |
MI, myocardial infarction; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction; ACS, acute coronary syndrome; UA, unstable angina pectoris; SA, stable angina pectoris; AP, angina pectoris; CHF, congestive heart failure; CAD, coronary artery disease; snRNA, small nuclear RNA; Ct, cycle threshold.