Table 1.
Review table of respiratory muscle training interventions completed at home or mostly without supervision.
| Shin 2019 | Repecki 2019 | Gee 2019 | Leatham 2019 | Current Case | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Location | Tertiary University Hospital | Community Program/HEP | HEP (most likely) | Community Program/HEP | HEP |
| (n) and sample description | (104) inpatients with acute to chronic injury | (1) 29YOM, chronic SCI, C5-6 AIS B | (6) wheelchair rugby athletes | (10 but 4 dropped out: n = 6) community volunteers | (1) 23 YOM, chronic SCI, C3 AIS B |
| Intervention | Glossophrangeal breathing, IMT with incentive spirometer: 2 sets of 20 reps, ≥ 5 days/week (Coach 2 Device), Air Stacking with resuscitation bag | 6 weeks: SMX classes 1x/week 8 Weeks: SMX classes 2x/week All Weeks: IMT (device not reported) at home and Aerobic/Strength work 3x/wk | IMT and EMT 5 days /week with Powerlung device- 30 breaths per session | SMX classes 1x/week with IMT at home with goal of 30 breaths over 2 sessions/day, 5 days/week with Threshold device | Daily IMT with PrO2FIT device |
| Intensity | Not reported | Not reported | Started at ~60% of MIP/MEP and increased to ~80% | Initial training intensity: “[participants] can complete ten breaths without symptoms of hyperventilation.” | 80% of Max breath |
| Supervision | 1x/week by Physiotherapist | At home, unsupervised | No | Not reported | 1x/week by Physical Therapist |
| Duration | 4–8 weeks | 14 weeks | 6 weeks | 8 weeks | 4 weeks |
| Compliance | Not Reported | Participant did not turn in IMT training diary | Required at least 80% for participation. | 4 participants dropped out (2 in hospital, 2 did not complete IMT) | 96% |
| Actual: 98% | Not Reported | ||||
| Key Respiratory findings (as Pre/Post percent change) | No Respiratory Outcomes Reported | MIP: +40% | No Respiratory Outcomes Reported | MIP: +28% | |
| FVC in supine: +26% | MEP: +25% | SMIP: +26.5% | |||
| FVC in sitting: +23% | FVC: +1.6% ns | FVC: +11.7% | |||
| PCF: +28% | FEV1: +1.5% ns | FEV1: +8.3% | |||
| PEF: +9% | PEF: +14.8% | ||||
| MEP: +/− 0% |
SMX Spinal Mobility X, IMT inspiratory muscle training, EMT expiratory muscle training, MIP maximal inspiratory pressure, FVC forced vital capacity, FEV1 forced expiratory volume in one second, PEF peak expiratory flow, PCF peak cough flow, MEP maximal expiratory pressure.