Figure 1.

Circulating ILC Populations Decrease during the Course of Immune Maturation

(A) Gating strategy including lineage markers (CD3, CD4, CD11c, CD14, CD19, CD34, CD303, TCRγδ, TCRαβ) to identify two dominant NK populations defined by CD56^high(green) and CD16^high (purple) and three ILC subsets: ILC1 (orange), ILC2 (red), and ILCP (light blue).

(B) Principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap shown for each replicate for each participant (see Table S1).

(C) DEGs among ILC2, ILCP, CD56^high (NKCD56), and CD16^high (NKCD16) NK cell populations from four HIV-negative and six HIV-positive pediatric subjects.

(D) Frequencies of total helper ILC subsets as defined in (A), comparing HIV-negative newborn (NB) (n = 39), pediatric (2–5 years, n = 12), pediatric (>5 years, n = 25), and adult (n = 62) individuals expressed as percentage of total CD45⁺ lymphocytes.

(E) As in (C) but showing frequencies of total NK and subset-specific differences between pediatric and adult subjects.

p values by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test.