TABLE 5.

Phases, steps and standards to disseminate study results to community using the Community‐Engaged Research Dissemination (CERD) framework

Phase 1: Preliminary planning for dissemination
Steps	Description of step	Process at Each Step	Competencies for performing pre‐dissemination effort
1. Develop partnership	Partners that align with dissemination goals are chosen to address the dissemination effort.	Identify and select partners Identify dissemination interests Structure partnership (roles, staffing, governance, time) Develop shared learning environment and commitments Develop budget/secure funding Note: Partnership may be existing or should be created.	Identifies partners and stakeholders as needed Determines partners’ dissemination and research interests Establishes partner roles and responsibilities (e.g.,develop memorandum of understanding) Identifies time commitment and schedule Identifies resources of partners and community Creates a platform for shared discussion and decision making Develops a grant proposal(s) (IA)
2. Form dissemination team	After appropriate partners are selected, the dissemination team is developed and steps are taken to ensure all team members are competent in the process.	Select team from academic and CBOs Identify community members to provide input as advisors or team members Build (or continue) relationship that balances power and fosters respect and communication Foster teamwork and trust (e.g., flexibility, adaptability, honesty, and humility) Build team capacity	Identifies dissemination team members Identifies aims for the team Selects community members to advise team Sets ground rules and goals for the team Follows process for shared decision making Promotes capacity building among partner(s) as needed for the dissemination process Continues applying partnership principles

Phase 2: Dissemination process for study results to community
Steps	Description of steps for dissemination	Process at Each Step	Competencies for performing dissemination effort
1. Identify dissemination purpose	This describes the intent of the programme to assist in evaluating the dissemination process.	Develop dissemination objective Review research findings Get community feedback and repeat steps if needed Note: The dissemination objective should be mutually beneficial for each partner.	Identifies aim(s) of dissemination effort Obtains team input on research findings and its’ relationship to specific aim Obtains community input on research findings and dissemination aim
2. Determine dissemination strategies	This describes the process of gauging the best strategies for research dissemination.	Identify dissemination intervention (IA) Identify strategy(s) for dissemination Finalize target population Evaluate costs and benefits of options Get community feedback on intervention(s) and option(s) and repeat process if necessary	Selects possible interventions (IA) Selects possible strategies Identifies target audience Selects process for cost/benefit analysis Skilled in gaining community feedback on intervention and/or strategy options
3. Design dissemination programme	This describes the process of programme execution and how its value is determined.	Create dissemination intervention (IA) Select and create dissemination method Create evaluation tools Get community feedback Tailor materials (optional) Get community feedback (optional) Pilot test Refine	Selects intervention development process (IA) Identifies steps for strategy development Seeks input on dissemination setting Selects recruitment procedures Identifies and trains research team members Selects methods for consent process Selects processes for data collection Identifies, selects or develops evaluation tool (IA) Identifies tests for data analysis (IA) Determines process for community feedback Identifies steps for pilot testing (IA) Selects process to tailor materials (IA) Identifies steps for refinement
4. Implement dissemination programme and evaluation	This describes the process of executing the dissemination plan and concurrent or subsequent evaluation while incorporating community input.	Implement plan Evaluate dissemination intervention Get community feedback on project/process Make refinements and repeat process if needed	Identifies successful indicators of implementation Conducts evaluation procedures Determines process for community feedback Identifies procedures for refinement

Standards for research dissemination
Standards	Description of dissemination standard	Indicators for dissemination standard	Competencies to uphold dissemination standard
Bi‐directional communication	Communication refers to the exchange of information among community and academic partners.	Effective On‐going Shared Open Honest Bi‐directional	Determines communication process between: ‐Dissemination team members ‐Participants and team members for recruitment, strategy/programme implementation and evaluation Selects communication style Determines effectiveness of communication
Ethics	Ethics refers to conducting the dissemination process in a way that is acceptable and protects the welfare of the community.	Respect for persons Beneficence Justice	Conducts informed consent process Selects process promoting good to participants Selects steps to protect participants from harm Follows principles of Good Clinical Practice (IA)
Feasibility	Feasibility ensures the dissemination process is practical.	Environmental analysis of team approval Analysis of implementation capability	Identifies process evaluation for team Determines implementation capability
Utility	Utility ensures the dissemination process meets the needs of all stakeholders.	Culturally appropriate Readability/comprehensibility Accurate Effective Engaging	Identifies a culturally appropriate process Selects tests to determine readability Identifies procedures to determine accuracy Selects process to determine effectiveness Determines indicators for engagement
Community input	This means the community (ie patients, members) is engaged in entire process.	Serve as advisors to the dissemination team Serve as advisors throughout the process	Identifies role of a team advisor throughout the process

Abbreviations: CBO, community‐based organization; IA, if applicable.