Fig. 4.

B. longum35624®-derived cell wall reduces lung cell death and vascular leakage.

BAL LDH (a) and albumin (b) levels were analysed at day 5 post-influenza innoculation in animals receiving vechicle control alone, those administered the bifidobacterial-derived cell wall fraction starting 2 h before influenza inoculation (B. longum cell wall) or those animals administered the bifidobacterial-derived cell wall fraction starting 24 h after influenza inoculation (B. longum cell wall therapeutic) or uninfected controls. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plots with the median values and maximum/minimum values illustrated of 10 animals per group. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 (1-way ANOVA).