Fig. 7.

B. longumPB-VIR™protects against lethal influenza infection.

(a) Survival was evaluated up to 10 days post inoculation (n = 5 animals per group). *p < 0.05 (log-rank Mantel-Cox test). (b) Viral load was measured at day 5 post-infection by quantitative real-time PCR. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plots with the median values and maximum/minimum values illustrated (n = 5 animals per group). ***p < 0.01 (1-way ANOVA). (c) Macrophage counts in BAL fluid were compared at days 5 post innoculation. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plots with the median values and maximum/minimum values illustrated (n = 5 animals per group). **p < 0.01 (1-way ANOVA). (d) BAL albumin levels were analysed at day 5 post-influenza innoculation as determined by ELISA. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plots with the median values and maximum/minimum values illustrated (n = 5 animals per group)..***p < 0.001 (1-way ANOVA). Concentrations in BAL at day 5 post viral innoculation for (e) IFN-α, (f) IFN-β, and serum (g) SP-D were determined by Multiplex assay. Data are presented as box-and-whisker plots with the median values and maximum/minimum values illustrated (n = 5 animals per group). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01,. ****p < 0.0001 (1-way ANOVA).