Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of studied patients with VA-ECMO.
| Characteristics | All patients (n = 106) | Survivors (n = 46, 43.4%) | Nonsurvivors (n = 60, 56.6%) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 40.2 ± 14.4 | 39 ± 10.9 | 41.1 ± 16.6 | 0.73 |
| Sex | ||||
| Males | 74 (69.8) | 31 (67.4) | 43 (71.7) | 0.61 |
| Females | 32 (30.2) | 15 (32.6) | 17 (28.3) | |
| BMI | 26.5 ± 7 | 26.4 ± 6.6 | 26.6 ± 7.4 | 0.82 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 20 (18.9) | 9 (19.6) | 11 (18.3) | 0.84 |
| Systemic hypertension | 34 (32.1) | 14 (30.4) | 20 (33.3) | 0.75 |
| CKD | 21 (19.8) | 2 (4.3) | 19 (31.7) | 0.001 |
| Pre-ECMO AF | 36 (34) | 9 (19.6) | 27 (45) | 0.006 |
| Anticoagulants intake | 39 (36.8) | 10 (21.7) | 29 (48.3) | 0.005 |
| LVEF% | 29.5 ± 13.8 | 29.2 ± 13.9 | 29.6 ± 13.9 | 0.73 |
| Heart disease | ||||
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 29 (27.4) | 14 (30.4) | 15 (25) | 0.09 |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy | 26 (24.5) | 15 (32.6) | 11 (18.3) | |
| Valvular heart disease | 26 (24.5) | 7 (15.2) | 19 (31.7) | |
| ACHD | 5 (4.7) | 1 (2.2) | 4 (6.7) | |
| Others | 20 (18.9) | 9 (19.6) | 11 (18.3) | |
| Cardiac surgery | 61 (57.5) | 21 (45.7) | 40 (66.7) | 0.03 |
| Types of surgery | ||||
| CABG | 3 (4.9) | 2(9.5) | 1(2.5) | 0.16 |
| Bentall operation | 9 (14.7) | 3(14.3) | 6 (15) | |
| Valve surgery | 22(36.1) | 8(38.1) | 14(35) | |
| CABG + valve surgery | 10 (16.4) | 3(14.3) | 7(17.5) | |
| Heart transplantation | 15 (24.6) | 5(23.8) | 10 (25) | |
| Pulmonary endarterectomy | 2 (3.3) | 0 | 2 (5) | |
| CPB time (minutes) | 231.7 ± 93.5 | 213.4 ± 83.3 | 239.9 ± 97.6 | 0.43 |
| Aortic cross clamping (minutes) | 147.1 ± 53 | 144.3 ± 51.7 | 148.6 ± 54.6 | 0.85 |
| IABP | 21 (19.8) | 12 (26.1) | 9 (15) | 0.15 |
| Type of ECMO | ||||
| Central | 46 (43.4) | 13 (28.3) | 33 (55) | 0.006 |
| Peripheral | 60 (56.6) | 33 (71.7) | 27 (45) | |
| ECMO days | 9.7 ± 7.2 | 10.1 ± 6.6 | 9.5 ± 7.7 | 0.21 |
| Upgrading to LVAD | 15 (14.2) | 9(19.6) | 6(10) | 0.03 |
| ICU days | 16.5 (10–32) | 20 (14–57) | 14 (5.5–30.5) | 0.002 |
| Post-ICU days | 16 (10–25) | 16 (10–25) | 10 (4–16) | 0.23 |
| Ventilator days | 10.5 (6–26) | 9 (8–26) | 13.5 (5–25.5) | 0.95 |
| AKI | 73 (68.9) | 21 (45.7) | 52 (86.7) | <0.001 |
| Haemodialysis | 50 (47.2) | 9 (19.6) | 41 (68.3) | <0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 24(22.6) | 6 (13) | 18 (30) | 0.039 |
| Ischemic stroke | 13 (12.3) | 3 (6.5) | 10 (16.7) | 0.11 |
| Intracerebral haemorrhage | 13 (12.3) | 1 (2.2) | 12 (20) | 0.006 |
Data are presented mean ± SD, median (IQR), or N (%).