Table 2.
Psychometric properties of the three scales in scale level (n = 1,108).
| Psychometric testing | IGDS-SF9 | BSMAS | SABAS | Suggested cutoff |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ceiling effects (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | <20 |
| Floor effects (%) | 24.6 | 28.2 | 25.7 | <20 |
| Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) | 0.84 | 0.73 | 0.81 | >0.7 |
| Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) | ||||
| χ2 (df) | 200.71(27) | 25.93 (9) | 19.51 (9) | Nonsignificant |
| Comparative fit index | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.00 | >0.9 |
| Tucker-Lewis index | 0.98 | 0.99 | 1.00 | >0.9 |
| RMSEA | 0.076 | 0.041 | 0.032 | <0.08 |
| SRMR | 0.067 | 0.033 | 0.023 | <0.08 |
IGDS-SF9, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form; no modification indices were done in the CFA; BSMAS, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale; no modification indices were done in the CFA; SABAS, Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale; no modification indices were done in the CFA; RMSEA, Root-mean square error of approximation; SRMR, Standardized root mean square residual.