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. 2020 Sep 17;132:116038. doi: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116038

Table 1.

Summary of recent developments on PADs for colorimetric detection of pathogens using various nanomaterials.

Materials Type Probe Target Sample Type Receptor Assay Time LOD Ref
Noble metal nanoparticles μPAD AuNPs + GE Influenza A H1N1 virus clinical sample Antibody 1 h 2.7 × 103 PFU/mL [41]
μPAD AuNPs + GE Influenza A H3N2 virus clinical sample Antibody 1 h 2.7 × 104 PFU/mL [41]
LFA AuNPs + GE S. enteritidis milk Antibody 20 min 104 CFU/mL [42]
LFA Dual AuNPs C. sakazakii infant powder Antibody 15 min 103 CFU/mL [43]
LFA AgNPs Yellow Fever virus human serum Antibody _ 150 ng/mL [44]
LFA AgNPs Ebola virus human serum Antibody _ 150 ng/mL [44]
LFA AgNPs Dengue virus human serum Antibody _ 150 ng/mL [44]
Dip stick AuNPs V. parahaemolyticus oyster hemolymph Antibody 2 h 4.66 × 105 CFU/mL [45]
μPAD AuNPs + GE GII.4 norovirus Human fecal sample Antibody 10 min 9.5 × 104 copies/mL [81]
LFA AuNPs S. typhimurium milk, chicken, food Aptamer 10 min 103 CFU/mL [47]
LFA AuNPs E. coli O157:H7 milk, chicken, food Aptamer 10 min 104 CFU/mL [47]
LFA AuNPs S. aureus milk, chicken, food Aptamer 10 min 104 CFU/mL [47]
LFA AuNPs Influenza A H5N2 virus Ducks' feces Aptamer _ 6 × 105 EID50/mL [48]
Dip stick AuNPs E. coli whole blood serum LBP 10 min 8 CFU/mL [49]
3D μPAD AgNPs MERS-CoV _ PNA _ 1.53 nM, [50]
3D μPAD AgNPs M. tuberculosis _ PNA _ 1.27 nM [50]
3D μPAD AgNPs HPV _ PNA _ 1.03 nM [50]
Nanozymes LFA Pt–Au NPs E. coli O157:H7 _ Antibody 1 min 100 CFU/mL [69]
LFA Pd–Pt NP E. coli O157:H7 milk Antibody _ 0.87 × 102 CFU/mL [65]
LFA AuNPs + GE E. coli O157:H7 milk Antibody _ 1.25 × 101 CFU/mL [67]
LFA AuNR@Pt C. jejuni milk, chicken Antibody _ 75 CFU/mL [71]
LFA Au–Pt HIV human blood serum Antibody Under 20 min 0.8 pg/mL [66]
LFA MNP Ebola virus human serum Antibody 30 min 240 PFU/mL [70]
LFA MNP E. sakazakii infant powder Antibody 1 h 10 CFU/mL [73]
PDA nanovesicles LFA PDA Hepatitis B virus _ Antibody _ 1 ng/mL, [78]
Dip stick PDA Influenza A H1N1 virus _ Antibody _ _ [74]

AuNP: gold nanoparticle; AuNR: gold nanorod; AgNP: silver nanoparticle; CFU: colony-forming units; EID50: 50% egg infection dose; GE: gold enhancement; MNP: magnetic nanoparticle; PDA: polydiacetylene; PFU: plaque-forming units.