. 2020 Sep 8;2020:6108619. doi: 10.1155/2020/6108619

Table 5.

Summary of the proposed mechanisms.

Study	Findings or proposed mechanisms
Zhang 2018 [15]	Decreased TNF-α, IL-1β, PGE₂
Zhang 2018 [15]	Adjust abnormal levels of metabolites
Gao et al. 2017 [16]	Reduce TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-17
Wang et al. 2017 [17]	Regulated the immune function
Wu et al. 2017 [18]	Decreased TNF-α, IL-1β
Su et al. 2015 [19]	Reduced T cell activation
Su et al. 2015 [19]	Regulated the immune function
Wu et al. 2018 [20]	Regulated the circadian rhythm of TNF-α
Fan et al. 2017 [21]	Decreased TNF-α, IL-6, NO, TNF-α mRNA
Cui 2019 [22]	Reduced TNF-α, BK
Huo et al. 2020 [23]	Decrease TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4
Huo et al. 2020 [23]	Restore the balance between Th1/Th2
Yin et al. 2017 [24]	Decrease TNF-α, IL-17
Luo et al. 2011 [25]	Increased IL-2
Luo et al. 2011 [25]	Decreased TNF-α, IL-1β
Wu et al. 2018 [26]	Rhythmic anti-inflammatory
Gao et al. 2011 [27]	Increased IL-4
	Decreased IL-1β, MT
	Restore the balance between Th1/Th2
Zhang et al. 2014 [28]	Increased IL-2, Bcl-2
Zhang et al. 2014 [28]	Decreased IL-1, caspase-3
Bao 2007 [29]	Regulated the immune function
Lai 2018 [30]	Inhibit the activation of T cell
Lai 2018 [30]	Regulate the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway
Ma et al. 2016 [31]	Regulated the circadian rhythm of IL-6
Ma et al. 2016 [31]	Regulate the HPAA
Ren et al. 2019 [32]	Regulate the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway

PGE ₂: prostaglandin E₂, NO: nitric oxide, BK: bradykinin, MT: melatonin, Th1: T helper 1 cell, Th2: T helper 2 cell, HPAA: the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, Bcl-2: B-cell lymphoma-2, PD-1: programmed cell death 1, PD-L1: programmed cell death ligand 1.