Table 3.
Biosignal averages per participant for the virtual reality/mixed reality educational episode.
| Participant No. | Amplitude theta/beta (Cz), mean, μV | Amplitude alpha (Cz), mean, μV | HRa, mean, bpm | EDAb, mean, μS | |||||
|
|
VPc | MRd | VP | MR | VP | MR | VP | MR | |
| Students |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 | 4.315 | 4.417 | 8.024 | 8.540 | 97 | 96 | 3.733 | 6.479 |
|
|
2 | 2.734 | 1.788 | 10.228 | 12.443 | 92 | 92 | 0.525 | 2.438 |
|
|
3 | 4.306 | 3.425 | 5.794 | 5.529 | 66 | 65 | 0.268 | 0.382 |
|
|
4 | 2.611 | 3.284 | 7.040 | 7.157 | 96 | 90 | 0.265 | 7.090 |
| Neurosurgeons |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 | 3.016 | 3.131 | 7.033 | 7.146 | 87 | 95 | 0.215 | 3.475 |
|
|
2 | 1.438 | 1.598 | 6.023 | 6.223 | 88 | 82 | 5.788 | 14.539 |
|
|
3 | 1.986 | 1.679 | 6.396 | 8.072 | 75 | 76 | 1.019 | 3.076 |
|
|
4 | 3.935 | 5.420 | 10.725 | 9.606 | 73 | 79 | 0.538 | 0.540 |
| Postgraduates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 | 2.439 | 2.532 | 7.831 | 7.801 | 75 | 70 | 0.371 | 0.307 |
|
|
2 | 2.580 | 3.331 | 20.523 | 13.933 | 90 | 84 | 0.387 | 4.516 |
|
|
3 | 1.971 | 1.823 | 7.163 | 6.926 | 77 | 79 | 1.459 | 2.671 |
aHR: heart rate.
bEDA: electrodermal activity.
cVP: virtual patient.
dMR: mixed reality.