Table 1.
Metadata of human embryos and foetuses that were studied
Stage | Days | Embryo | Fixation | Staining | Plane | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CS10 | 28 | S6330 | Formalin | Ehrlich's H | Transv | DREM |
CS11 | 29 | S6344 | Formalin | CA | Transv | DREM |
CS12 | 30 | S8943 | Zenker's fix | H & E | Transv | DREM |
CS13 | 32 | S836 | HgCl2 | CA | Transv | DREM |
CS14‐early | 33 | S2201 | Formalin | H & A | Transv | AMC |
CS14‐mid | 34 | S5029 | Formalin | H & A | Sagittal | AMC |
CS14‐mid | 34 | S168 | Bouin's fix | H & E | Transv | LUMC |
CS14‐mid | 34 | 1950‐09‐13 | H & E | Sagittal | Göttingen | |
CS14‐late | 35 | 1958‐12‐22 | H & E | Sagittal | Göttingen | |
CS14‐late | 35 | 1961‐06‐13 | H & E | Transv | Göttingen | |
CS14‐late | 35 | S6502 | Souza's fix | H & E (or + Ag) | Transv | DREM |
CS15‐early | 36 | S721 | Zenker's fix | H & E (or + Ag) | Transv | DREM |
CS15‐early | 36 | S79 | Formalin | H & E | Transv | LUMC |
CS15‐early | 36 | 1945‐10‐26 | H & E | Transv | Göttingen | |
CS15‐early | 36 | 1957‐10‐31 | H & E | Transv | Göttingen | |
CS15‐late | 37 | S2213 | Formalin | H & A | Transv | AMC |
CS16 | 39 | S5032 | Formalin | H & A | Sagittal | AMC |
CS16 | 39 | S6517 | Corrosive CH3COOH | CA | Transv | DREM |
CS16 | 39 | S39 | Formalin | H & E | Transv | LUMC |
CS17 | 41 | S6520 | Corrosive CH3COOH | CA (or + Ag) | Transv | DREM |
CS18‐early | 43 | S97 | Bouin's fix | H & E | Transv | LUMC |
CS18‐late | 45 | S4430 | Corrosive CH3COOH | CA | Transv | DREM |
CS19 | 46 | S9325 | Acetic formalin | Azan & Ag | Transv | DREM |
CS20 | 49 | S2025 | Bouin's fix | H & A | Transv | AMC |
CS20 | 49 | S462 | Formalin | CA | Transv | DREM |
CS20 | 49 | S34 | Formalin & Bouin's fix | H & E | Sagittal | LUMC |
CS21 | 51 | S4090 | Formalin | CA | Transv | DREM |
CS22 | 53 | S48 | Formalin | H & E | Transv | LUMC |
CS22 | 54 | S983 | Formalin | H & E | Transv | DREM |
CS23 | 56 | S4141 | Formalin | H & A | Transv | AMC |
CS23 | 56 | S9226 | Formalin | Azan | Transv | DREM |
CS23 | 56 | S88 | Formalin & Bouin's fix | H or PAS or Azan | Sagittal | RadboudMC |
9 weeks | 63 | S89 | Formalin | H & E or Azan | Transv | LUMC |
9.5 weeks | 67 | S57 | Formalin | H & E | Transv | LUMC |
The estimated post‐fertilisation ages of the embryos are based on (O'Rahilly and Müller, 2010). The additions ‘early’, ‘mid’ and ‘late’ are meant to indicate that, within these stages, the development of the gut and enteric nervous system of ‘late’ embryos was more advanced than that of ‘early’ embryos.
The corresponding age was chosen from the range of developmental days attributed to that stage (O'Rahilly and Müller, 2010).
CS14 in particular is noted for its remarkable number of developmental events.
Abbreviations: AC, alum cochineal (i.e. carmine); AMC, Academic Medical Centre; CS, Carnegie stage; DREM, Carnegie collection from the Digitally Reproduced Embryonic Morphology project; Göttingen, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Göttingen; H&A, haematoxylin and azophloxine; H&E haematoxylin and eosin; LUMC, Leiden University Medical Centre; PAS, periodic acid–Schiff stain; RadboudMC: Radboud Medical Centre.