Table 2.

Explanation of selected terms related to data science

Artificial intelligence	The technical replication of human intelligence.
Data‐driven	Relying on big amounts of data.
Decision support	The automated suggestion of a beneficial option.
Deep learning	An approach to technically replicate the cognitive abilities of the human brain by consecutively passing information through several layers of an artificial neural network.
Machine learning	The application of algorithms that can learn from data. In supervised machine learning, the algorithms are trying to correctly estimate predefined classes (e.g. naïve Bayes, support vector machine, regression trees). In unsupervised machine learning, the algorithms try to find patterns in the data coming up with classes themselves (e.g. clustering). Deep learning can either be supervised or unsupervised.
Predictive analytics	The prediction of future outcomes by analysing existing data.