Table 2. Baseline Characteristics According to Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (APO) Statusa.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No APOs (n = 30 522)b | Uncertain APO status (n = 2801)b | ≥1 APO (n = 13 482)b | Gestational diabetes (n = 959) | Low birth weight (n = 5773) | High birth weight (n = 2691) | Preterm delivery (n = 6790) | Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (n = 2936) | |
| Age at enrollment, median (IQR), y | 60.0 (55.0-64.0) | 63.0 (57.0-67.0) | 60.0 (55.0-64.0) | 58.0 (54.0-61.0) | 60.0 (56.0-64.0) | 60.0 (56.0-65.0) | 60.0 (55.0-64.0) | 59.0 (55.0-64.0) |
| Hypertension | 6551 (21.5) | 1840 (65.9) | 4036 (30.0) | 332 (34.6) | 1603 (27.9) | 714 (26.7) | 1782 (26.3) | 1457 (49.8) |
| Diabetes | 556 (1.8) | 100 (3.6) | 530 (3.9) | 145 (15.1) | 177 (3.1) | 158 (5.9) | 202 (3.0) | 143 (4.9) |
| Smoking | 14 260 (46.9) | 1299 (46.7) | 6565 (48.9) | 422 (44.3) | 3075 (53.5) | 1143 (42.6) | 3417 (50.5) | 1366 (46.8) |
| Hyperlipidemia | 2718 (9.4) | 341 (12.9) | 1454 (11.4) | 106 (11.7) | 593 (10.8) | 278 (11.0) | 706 (11.0) | 394 (14.1) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Black | 1414 (4.7) | 218 (7.9) | 770 (5.8) | 73 (7.7) | 401 (7.0) | 99 (3.7) | 349 (5.2) | 227 (7.8) |
| Hispanic | 689 (2.3) | 84 (3.1) | 340 (2.5) | 37 (3.9) | 137 (2.4) | 72 (2.7) | 161 (2.4) | 77 (2.7) |
| White | 27 420 (90.7) | 2318 (84.4) | 11 929 (89.4) | 793 (83.9) | 5008 (87.7) | 2472 (92.8) | 6058 (90.2) | 2537 (87.3) |
| Other | 703 (2.3) | 128 (4.7) | 305 (2.3) | 42 (4.4) | 166 (2.9) | 22 (0.8) | 148 (2.2) | 64 (2.2) |
| Education | ||||||||
| High school and less | 4863 (16.0) | 572 (20.5) | 2376 (17.7) | 160 (16.8) | 1024 (17.9) | 560 (20.9) | 1122 (16.6) | 562 (19.2) |
| Some college and more | 23 027 (75.9) | 1967 (70.6) | 9858 (73.6) | 706 (73.9) | 4194 (73.2) | 1879 (70.2) | 5061 (75.0) | 2089 (71.5) |
| Other | 2430 (8.0) | 247 (8.9) | 1168 (8.7) | 89 (9.3) | 515 (9.0) | 239 (8.9) | 569 (8.4) | 269 (9.2) |
| Income, $ | ||||||||
| <20 000 | 2062 (7.1) | 332 (12.7) | 1066 (8.3) | 86 (9.3) | 452 (8.2) | 270 (10.4) | 491 (7.6) | 241 (8.5) |
| 20 000-74 000 | 18 496 (63.6) | 1773 (67.8) | 8476 (65.8) | 585 (63.4) | 3616 (65.6) | 1714 (66.0) | 4199 (64.9) | 1943 (68.7) |
| ≥75 000 | 8508 (29.3) | 509 (19.5) | 3348 (26.0) | 252 (27.3) | 1448 (26.3) | 612 (23.6) | 1775 (27.5) | 645 (22.8) |
| BMI, median (IQR) | 25.9 (23.2-29.6) | 26.8 (23.9-30.9) | 26.7 (23.8-30.8) | 28.2 (24.6-32.3) | 26.0 (23.2-29.8) | 28.1 (25.0-32.3) | 26.1 (23.3-30.0) | 28.2 (24.7-32.5) |
| Parity | ||||||||
| No term pregnanciesc | 372 (1.2) | 60 (2.1) | 99 (0.7) | 1 (0.1) | 37 (0.6) | 5 (0.2) | 84 (1.2) | 5 (0.2) |
| 1 | 3194 (10.5) | 310 (11.1) | 880 (6.5) | 59 (6.2) | 380 (6.6) | 68 (2.5) | 442 (6.5) | 267 (9.1) |
| 2 | 10 123 (33.2) | 818 (29.2) | 3303 (24.5) | 253 (26.4) | 1309 (22.7) | 462 (17.2) | 1632 (24.0) | 779 (26.5) |
| 3 | 8721 (28.6) | 771 (27.5) | 3855 (28.6) | 298 (31.1) | 1621 (28.1) | 765 (28.4) | 1947 (28.7) | 860 (29.3) |
| 4 | 4699 (15.4) | 448 (16.0) | 2632 (19.5) | 169 (17.6) | 1156 (20.0) | 619 (23.0) | 1338 (19.7) | 539 (18.4) |
| ≥5 | 3283 (10.8) | 376 (13.4) | 2668 (19.8) | 175 (18.2) | 1253 (21.7) | 758 (28.2) | 1328 (19.6) | 479 (16.3) |
| Breastfeeding | 18 194 (59.6) | 1651 (58.9) | 7771 (57.6) | 604 (63.0) | 3056 (52.9) | 1770 (65.8) | 3802 (56.0) | 1643 (56.0) |
| ASCVD | 1758 (5.8) | 266 (9.5) | 1028 (7.6) | 86 (9.0) | 458 (7.9) | 202 (7.5) | 513 (7.6) | 273 (9.3) |
| Age at ASCVD, median (IQR), y | 71.9 (66.9-76.9) | 73.6 (69.1-80.1) | 70.8 (66.3-75.7) | 69.5 (63.5-74.4) | 70.7 (66.0-75.9) | 72.4 (67.8-76.3) | 70.6 (65.6-76.0) | 69.6 (64.7-74.9) |
Abbreviations: ASCVD, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); IQR, interquartile range.
The number of women with any APO does not equal the sum of yes responses to each APO, since some women had more than 1 APO. Data in columns for the individual APOs refer to women who answered yes; baseline characteristics of those who responded don’t know are summarized for each APO in eTable 2 in the Supplement.
Women who answered no to all APO questions are included in the No APO column; women who answered yes to 1 or more APO are included in the Any APO column; and women who answered don’t know to at least 1 APO without answering yes to any APO are included in the Uncertain APO Status column.
Women with no term pregnancies needed to be pregnant for at least 6 months to be eligible.