Table. Baseline Characteristics, by Study Group.
| Characteristic | No. (%) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Remote guideline-directed medical therapy optimization (n = 197) | Usual care (n = 831) | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 66 (12.7) | 68 (14.5) | .01 |
| Ejection fraction, mean (SD), % | 33 (6.1) | 32 (6.7) | .33 |
| Female | 59 (29.9) | 246 (29.6) | .93 |
| Black racea | 34 (17.3) | 88 (10.6) | .01 |
| New York Heart Association functional class I or II | 177 (89.8) | 715 (86.0) | .20 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mm Hg | 127 (15.1) | 121(18.6) | <.001 |
| Heart rate, mean (SD), bpm | 73 (13.0) | 72 (13.2) | .25 |
| Serum test results, mean (SD) | |||
| Potassium, mEq/L | 4.4 (0.5) | 4.4 (0.5) | .82 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.1 (0.4) | 1.2 (0.5) | .001 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mean (SD), mL/min/1.73 m2 | 65 (18.7) | 60 (19.1) | .003 |
| Diabetes | 60 (30.5) | 219 (26.4) | .25 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 64 (32.5) | 368 (44.3) | .003 |
| Asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder | 13 (6.6) | 30 (3.6) | .07 |
| Implantable defibrillator | 101 (51.3) | 426 (51.3) | .99 |
| Specialty heart failure clinician | 66 (33.5) | 377 (45.4) | .003 |
| Baseline medications | |||
| ACEis, ARBs, or ARNIs | 138 (70.1) | 603 (72.6) | .48 |
| β Blocker | 152 (77.2) | 702 (84.5) | .02 |
| Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist | 51 (25.9) | 240 (28.9) | .43 |
| Loop diuretic | 62 (31.5) | 435 (52.3) | <.001 |
Abbreviations: ACEi, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor.
SI conversion factors: To convert creatinine to μmol/L, multiply by 88.4; potassium to mmol/L, multiply by 1.0.
a
By patient self-report, as recorded in the electronic health record.