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. 2020 Sep 8;15:6631–6647. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S253576

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© 2020 Xia et al.

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Effects of the SAPs on hDPSCs. (A) Live/dead cell viability assay of hDPSCs 3D-cultured in SAPs for 7 days. (B) Quantification of the survival rates. (C) Fluorescence microscopic images of hDPSCs 3D-cultured in SAP hydrogels; green shows F-actin and blue shows nuclei. (D) SEM image of hDPSCs 3D-cultured in the SAPs. (E) CCK-8-based quantification of the proliferation rates of hDPSCs 3D cultured in SAPs for 1, 4, and 7 days. (F) Mineralized nodule formation of hDPSCs 3D cultured in the SAPs for 14 days shown using ALP staining. (G) Quantification of ALP staining. (H) Quantification of the levels of gene expression in hDPSCs 3D-cultured in the SAPs after 14 days of odontogenic induction using RT-qPCR. (I) Quantification of the levels of gene expression in hDPSCs 3D-cultured in the SAPs for 14 days using RT-qPCR. (J) VEGF-secretory abilities of hDPSCs 3D-cultured in SAPs for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days; as determined using ELISA assays. The following symbols indicate significant differences (P < 0.05): *Compared to RAD; ^&Compared to RAD/PRG/KLT.