. 2020 Sep 16;10:15181. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72144-x

Table 3.

Distribution of organ dysfunction, underlying causes and contributory conditions among maternal near-miss cases and maternal deaths, Kenya 2018.

Organ dysfunction^a	Potentially life-threatening conditions		Maternal near-miss		Maternal deaths^d		Mortality index
Organ dysfunction^a	N	%	N	%	N	%	%
Cardiovascular	n/a	n/a	342	27	35	83	9
Respiratory	n/a	n/a	255	20	39	93	13
Renal	n/a	n/a	316	25	2	5	1
Hematologic	n/a	n/a	457	36	21	50	4
Hepatic	n/a	n/a	142	11	3	7	2
Neurologic	n/a	n/a	219	17	14	34	6
Uterine^b	n/a	n/a	292	23	2	5	1
Underlying causes^a
Pregnancy with abortive outcome	291	15	112	9	5	12	4
Obstetric haemorrhage	1,181	60	686	54	24	57	3
Hypertensive disorders	442	22	327	26	9	21	3
Pregnancy-related infections	117	6	75	6	2	5	3
Other obstetric disease or complications	783	40	354	28	1	2	0
Medical/surgical/mental disease or complications	2	0	45	4	2	5	4
Contributory causes/associated conditions^a
Anaemia	234	15	103	8	1	2	1
HIV infection^c	115	6	31	3	1	4	3
Previous caesarean section	312	16	204	16	1	2	0
Prolonged obstructed labour	552	28	46	4	1	2	2
Total	1,972	100	1,279	100	42	100

All estimates are weighted from the three-month study period and include only patients who consented to be interviewed.

^aThese categories are not mutually exclusive and can add up to more than 100%.

^bIncludes paralytic ileus (absent bowel sounds in a gaseous distended abdomen), PTE (pulmonary thromboembolism) showing the above respiratory symptoms and signs, hysterectomy following infection or haemorrhage, and laparotomy.

^cFive patients who died were missing on HIV status so the denominator used to estimate this proportion is smaller than for other contributory causes.

^dPatients who did not consent and were a maternal death (unweighted n = 7) were not included in the maternal death total in this table, but are included in the incidence calculations.