Table 3.
Results from marginal variable screening analysis and Cox proportional hazards model predicting time to suicide death among suicide attempters.
| Marginal screening results | Cox proportional hazards results d | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n c | Hazards ratio | CI lower | CI upper | p value | Exp (coef) |
CI lower | CI upper | p value | |
| Demographics | |||||||||
| Agea | – | – | – | – | – | 1.2 | 1.1 | 1.3 | < .0001 |
| Sexa (Male = 1) | – | – | – | – | – | 2.7 | 2.3 | 3.3 | < .0001 |
| Race (White) a | – | – | – | – | – | 24.5 | 11.6 | 51.9 | < .0001 |
| Median household income ($65,002) | N/A | 1.1 | 1 | 1.2 | 0.047 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.2 | 0.042 |
| Contextual features of the prior attempt | |||||||||
| Multiple suicide attempts | 2,748 | 1.1 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 0.001 | 1.1 | 1 | 1.1 | 0.172 |
| Discharged/transferred to a psychiatric hospital or psychiatric distinct part unit of a hospital | 3,353 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 0.001 | 7.3 | 2.4 | 21.8 | < .0001 |
| Discharged/transferred to another type of institution for inpatient care | 2,197 | 1.2 | 1 | 1.5 | 0.035 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 1.5 | 0.150 |
| Other persons seeking consultation | 166 | 2.6 | 1.4 | 4.8 | 0.003 | 2.4 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 0.008 |
| Procedures | |||||||||
| Non-operative intubation and irrigation b | 2,619 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.009 | – | – | – | – |
| Other operations on bones, except facial bones | 37 | 2.7 | 1 | 7.3 | 0.046 | 18.7 | 1.38 | 253.5 | 0.028 |
| Operations on esophagus | 23 | 5.8 | 2 | 14.5 | 0.001 | 5 | 1.9 | 13.6 | 0.001 |
| Operations on penis | 9 | 8.4 | 2.1 | 33.7 | 0.003 | 8.2 | 2 | 34.4 | 0.004 |
| Operations on tongue | 9 | 8.3 | 2 | 33.2 | 0.003 | 6 | 1.1 | 32.5 | 0.037 |
| Operations on the breast b | 7 | 7.2 | 1 | 51.6 | 0.048 | – | – | – | – |
| Aortic and heart assistant procedures except pulsation balloon without MCC | 12 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 18 | 0.034 | 6.6 | 0.9 | 49.7 | 0.067 |
| Diagnoses/Methods of suicide attempt | |||||||||
| Suicide attempt by hanging | 299 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 3 | 0.009 | 1.6 | 0.9 | 2.6 | 0.080 |
| Accidental poisoning by drugs, medicinal substances, and biologicals | 2,758 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 1 | 0.025 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.002 |
| Injury undetermined whether accidentally or purposely inflicted | 2,287 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.002 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.005 |
| Other psychosocial circumstances | 2,219 | 1.5 | 1.2 | 1.9 | 0.001 | 1.4 | 1.01 | 1.8 | 0.023 |
| Poisoning and toxic effects of drugs with major comorbid condition (MCC) | 2,209 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.8 | 0.012 | 1.3 | 0.99 | 1.7 | 0.084 |
| Toxic effects of alcohol b | 1,378 | 1.4 | 1 | 1.8 | 0.025 | – | – | – | – |
| Other and unspecified disorders of back | 849 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.9 | 0.027 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.8 | 0.005 |
| Poisoning by primarily systemic agents | 813 | 1.5 | 1.1 | 2.2 | 0.023 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.9 | 0.303 |
| Other nonorganic psychoses | 329 | 1.8 | 1.1 | 3.1 | 0.028 | 1.5 | 0.9 | 2.8 | 0.141 |
| Accidental poisoning by other solid and liquid substances, gases, and vapors | 276 | 1.9 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 0.015 | 1.7 | 1 | 3 | 0.051 |
| Organic sleep disorders | 202 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 3.8 | 0.010 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 0.013 |
| Open wound of other and unspecified sites except limbs | 169 | 2.0 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 0.031 | 1.3 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 0.554 |
| Human immunodeficiency virus | 123 | 2.1 | 1 | 4.5 | 0.048 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 4 | 0.121 |
| Multiple sclerosis | 97 | 3.2 | 1.6 | 6.5 | 0.001 | 0.4 | 0 | 4.5 | 0.478 |
| Seizures without MCC | 16 | 5.3 | 1.3 | 21.1 | 0.019 | 4.3 | 1.1 | 17.3 | 0.042 |
| Disorders of the pancreas except malignancy without MCC b | 15 | 5.0 | 1.3 | 20.2 | 0.023 | – | – | – | – |
| Interactions | |||||||||
| Multiple sclerosis with other nonorganic psychoses | – | – | – | – | – | 63.4 | 6.8 | 588.3 | < .0001 |
| Other nonorganic psychoses with open wound of other and unspecified sites except limbs | – | – | – | – | – | 15.1 | 1.7 | 137.5 | < .0001 |
| Other psychosocial circumstances with other operations on bones, except facial bones | – | – | – | – | – | 14.8 | 1.5 | 146.6 | < .0001 |
| Hanging with other and unspecified disorders of back | – | – | – | – | – | 9.8 | 2.1 | 46.6 | 0.004 |
| Number of visits with aortic and heart assistant procedures except pulsation balloon without MCC | – | – | – | – | – | 9.1 | 2 | 40.1 | 0.004 |
| Accidental poisoning by drugs, medicinal substances, and biologicals with open wound of other and unspecified sites except limbs | – | – | – | – | – | 8.3 | 1 | 71.6 | 0.053 |
| Accidental poisoning by other solid and liquid substances, gases, and vapors with poisoning by primarily systemic agents | – | – | – | – | – | 7 | 1.4 | 34.7 | 0.016 |
| Accidental poisoning by drugs, medicinal substances, and biologicals with other and unspecified disorders of back | – | – | – | – | – | 3.4 | 1.3 | 9.1 | 0.016 |
| Poisoning and toxic effects of drugs with MCC with poisoning by primarily systemic agents | – | – | – | – | – | 2.3 | 0.9 | 5.7 | 0.076 |
| Operations on tongue with median income | – | – | – | – | – | 2.2 | 0.9 | 5.8 | 0.093 |
| Age with accidental poisoning by drugs, medicinal substances, and biologicals | – | – | – | – | – | 0.8 | 0.6 | 1.1 | 0.125 |
| White race with discharged/transferred to a psychiatric hospital or psychiatric distinct part unit of a hospital | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 0.001 |
| Multiple sclerosis with median income | – | – | – | – | – | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.042 |
| White race with other operations on bones, except facial bones | – | – | – | – | – | 0 | 0 | 0.4 | 0.005 |
aAge, sex, and race were not included in the marginal screening analysis.
bThese procedures/diagnoses were not selected for inclusion in the final Cox proportional hazards model.
cThis column presents the number of patients in the analysis with this characteristic.
dWe caution against the interpretation of individual parameter significances in this specification of the model since the computation of the p-values does not account for the uncertainty in predictor selection.