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. 2020 Sep 3;11:576367. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.576367

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Copyright © 2020 Lu, Xiao, Guo, Liang, Wang, Xu, Liu, Wang, Zeng, Liu, Li and Yao

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Maternal diabetes induces SOD2/ERβ suppression in PBMC in autistic offspring. The 6-week-old male offspring from either the control (CTL) or maternal diabetes (STZ) group were used for analysis. (A–D) Autism-like behavior analysis; (A) Ultrasonic vocalization, n = 9. (B) Social recognition, as indicated through the seconds spent socially investigating a conspecific [same conspecific in tests 1-4; novel conspecific in test 5 (a new stimulus mouse was introduced)], n = 9. (C, D) Three-chambered social tests, n = 8. (C) Time spent in chamber for sociability. (D) Time spent in chamber for social novelty. (E) mRNA levels in the amygdala, n = 5. (F) mRNA levels in HSC, n = 5. (G) mRNA levels in PBMC, n = 5. (H) The protein levels in PBMC, n = 5. (I) The representative pictures of western blotting for (H). *P < 0.05, vs. CTL group. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM.