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. 2020 Sep 16;10:15212. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-72241-x

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic of the CARS endoscope and microscope system. The two lasers were synchronized with a custom-built electrical device. Each laser beam was transmitted to the endoscopy system via a polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber. The two laser beams were combined with a long pass dichroic mirror and made incident on a galvanometer scanner. The backscattering CARS signal was separated and detected by a photomultiplier tube. The CARS microscope system is similar to the endoscope system, except for the optical fiber. DM dichroic mirror, F optical filters, FC fiber coupler, GS galvanometer scanner, OL objective lens, PD photodiode, PMF polarization-maintaining single-mode fiber, PMT photomultiplier tube, RM removable mirror.