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. 2020 Jun 10;85(2):127–137. doi: 10.1097/QAI.0000000000002413

TABLE 3.

Factors Associated With Death

HR (95% CI) P aHR (95% CI) n = 932 P
Sex
 Female Reference __
 Male 2.10 (1.57 to 2.81) <0.001
Age
 18–29 Reference __ Reference __
 30–44 2.68 (1.30 to 5.51) 0.007 2.37 (0.98 to 5.75) 0.056
 45–59 4.73 (3.13 to 7.15) <0.001 2.96 (1.44 to 6.08) 0.003
 60+ 11.31 (5.32 to 24.06) <0.001 8.86 (3.90 to 20.14) <0.001
ART reason
 Non-PMTCT Reference __ Reference __
 PMTCT 0.17 (0.07 to 0.43) <0.001 0.36 (0.15 to 0.87) 0.022
ART start yr
 2014 1.29 (0.82 to 2.04) 0.268
 2015 Reference __
 2016 1.20 (0.67 to 2.14) 0.536
 2017 1.28 (0.83 to 1.97) 0.258
Time on ART
 ≤3 mo Reference __ Reference __
 3–6 mo 0.56 (0.31 to 0.99) 0.048 0.76 (0.46 to 1.25) 0.276
 6–12 mo 0.74 (0.49 to 1.13) 0.167 0.82 (0.56 to 1.20) 0.307
 12–24 mo 0.53 (0.31 to 0.91) 0.023 0.44 (0.23 to 0.85) 0.015
 >24 mo 0.91 (0.41 to 2.05) 0.828 0.60 (0.23 to 1.56) 0.297
Baseline CD4
 <100 4.26 (3.11 to 5.82) <0.001 3.77 (2.31 to 6.15) <0.001
 100–199 2.57 (1.60 to 4.12) <0.001 2.35 (1.49 to 3.69) <0.001
 200–349 Reference __ Reference __
 350–499 0.78 (0.39 to 1.55) 0.483 1.11 (0.53 to 2.36) 0.776
 500+ 0.82 (0.24 to 2.79) 0.756 1.13 (0.35 to 3.67) 0.840
Baseline WHO stage
 I Reference __ Reference __
 II 1.71 (0.98 to 3.00) 0.061 0.86 (0.40 to 1.86) 0.706
 III 2.70 (1.77 to 4.14) <0.001 1.36 (0.94 to 1.96) 0.102
 IV 6.64 (3.08 to 14.32) <0.001 3.14 (1.14 to 8.59) 0.026
Refill schedule
 1 mo Reference __
 2 mo 0.83 (0.37 to 1.86) 0.647
 3 mo 0.93 (0.49 to 1.75) 0.824
 >3 mo 0.74 (0.22 to 2.42) 0.615
Health facility
 Agincourt Reference __ Reference __
 Belfast 1.03 (0.97 to 1.09) 0.345 0.80 (0.61 to 1.05) 0.108
 Cunningmore 3.14 (2.98 to 3.31) <0.001 3.39 (2.92 to 3.94) <0.001
 Justicia 2.10 (1.98 to 2.24) <0.001 1.70 (1.55 to 1.86) <0.001
 Kildare 1.90 (1.84 to 1.95) <0.001 1.08 (0.78 to 1.50) 0.639
 Bhubezi 1.26 (1.19 to 1.34) <0.001 0.96 (0.73 to 1.28) 0.810
 Thulamahashe 0.93 (0.91 to 0.95) <0.001 1.59 (1.15 to 2.22) 0.005
 Xanthia 1.75 (0.70 to 1.80) <0.001 1.98 (1.64 to 2.38) <0.001
Time since last appointment
 ≤1 yr Reference __ Reference __
 1–2 yrs 1.57 (1.03 to 2.39) 0.037 1.75 (1.10 to 2.78) 0.018
 >2 yrs 1.65 (0.73 to 3.75) 0.228 0.81 (0.39 to 1.67) 0.564

All CD4 data was retrieved from clinic records (files and TIER.Net). All other clinical data was retrieved from the PIRL database (sex and age were crosschecked in clinic and HDSS records).