. 2020 Jul 23;49(10):2124–2135. doi: 10.1007/s10964-020-01280-4

Table 2.

Results of multiple regression analyses examining links with time trends in three indicators of emotional wellbeing in adolescents

	Model 1: Survey year			Model 1 + perceived schoolwork pressure			Model 1 + parent-adolescent communication			Model 1 + bullying victimization			Model 1 + all predictors
	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p	B	SE	p
(a) Emotional symptoms
Survey year
2017	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
2013	0.10	0.05	0.053	0.23	0.04	<0.001	−0.03	0.04	0.575	0.04	0.05	0.456	0.07	0.04	0.160
2009	−0.16	0.04	0.002	0.10	0.04	0.037	−0.26	0.04	<0.001	−0.24	0.04	<0.001	−0.08	0.03	0.062
2005	−0.22	0.05	<0.001	0.04	0.04	0.479	−0.34	0.05	<0.001	−0.32	0.05	<0.001	−0.18	0.04	<0.001
Explanatory variables
Perceived schoolwork pressure				0.87	0.02	<0.001							0.73	0.02	<0.001
Communication with mother							−0.28	0.02	<0.001				−0.21	0.02	<0.001
Communication with father							−0.54	0.02	<0.001				−0.42	0.01	<0.001
Bullying victimization										0.67	0.02	<0.001	0.53	0.02	<0.001
Model fit
R²	0.117			0.211			0.180			0.167			0.285
Wald F	219.78			357.65			246.45			281.25			378.82
(b) Psychosomatic complaints
Survey year
2017	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
2013	−0.01	0.02	0.485	0.03	0.02	0.118	−0.06	0.02	0.002	−0.03	0.02	0.091	−0.03	0.01	0.091
2009	−0.16	0.02	<0.001	−0.07	0.02	<0.001	−0.19	0.02	<0.001	−0.18	0.02	<0.001	−0.13	0.01	<0.001
2005	−0.27	0.02	<0.001	−0.19	0.02	<0.001	−0.31	0.02	<0.001	−0.31	0.02	<0.001	−0.26	0.01	<0.001
Explanatory variables
Perceived schoolwork pressure				0.28	0.01	<0.001							0.23	0.01	<0.001
Communication with mother							−0.13	0.01	<0.001				−0.11	0.01	<0.001
Communication with father							−0.17	0.01	<0.001				−0.14	0.01	<0.001
Bullying victimization										0.21	0.01	<0.001	0.16	0.01	<0.001
Model fit
R²	0.082			0.161			0.150			0.124			0.235
Wald F	136.01			271.27			193.22			187.66			299.34
(c) Life satisfaction
Survey year
2017	Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref			Ref
2013	0.05	0.04	0.187	−0.03	0.04	0.452	0.17	0.03	<0.001	0.08	0.04	0.020	0.13	0.03	<0.001
2009	0.20	0.04	<0.001	0.07	0.04	0.038	0.28	0.03	<0.001	0.25	0.04	<0.001	0.21	0.03	<0.001
2005	0.10	0.04	0.008	−0.02	0.04	0.452	0.20	0.03	<0.001	0.16	0.04	<0.001	0.14	0.03	<0.001
Explanatory variables
Perceived schoolwork pressure				−0.42	0.02	<0.001							−0.30	0.02	<0.001
Communication with mother							0.45	0.03	<0.001				0.42	0.02	<0.001
Communication with father							0.39	0.02	<0.001				0.34	0.02	<0.001
Bullying victimization										−0.40	0.02	<0.001	−0.30	0.02	<0.001
Model fit
R²	0.08			0.13			0.21			0.12			0.26
Wald F	135.58			175.33			267.81			163.91			275.92

All models are controlled for age, educational track, family affluence, immigration background, and family structure